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Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are characterized as undifferentiated cells with the ability of self-renewal and multipotency to give rise to other cells of the nervous system. In our in vitro study we demonstrate the proliferative and differentiative potential of NPCs isolated from the spinal cord at different developmental stages (embryonal, early postnatal, adult), maintained and expanded within neurospheres (NSs). Using the NSs culture system, we examined the size, number of NSs and their fate when exposed to differentiation conditions. Based on immunocytochemical analyses for cell markers (MAP 2, GFAP, RIP) we evaluated the occurrence of various cell types: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The results show that NSs increased in size during cultivation time via NPC proliferation, but proliferation potential decreased during maturation stages. In addition, NPCs derived from spinal cord developmentally different stages gave rise to a consistent ratio of glial and neuronal progeny (3:1), and adult tissues represent a comparable source of NPCs compared to embryonal and early postnatal tissues. These data provide useful information for large-scale in vitro expansion of NPCs required for potential cell therapy after spinal cord injury.
The results of experimental and mathematical modelling of simultaneous carbonization, nitrification and denitriiication processes in an industrial wastewater treatment plant are presented. Simplified dynamic mathematical models based on organic and nitrogen substrates, autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass material balances for complete-mixing and tank-in-series hydraulic regimes and Monod-type kinetics were developed. These models were verified by using experimental data obtained in laboratory tank-in-seres equipment with high internal recirculation flow as well as by application of the real Carriousel plant data. The influence of unsteady-state conditions on selected process kinetic parameters was also studied in this work. The process dynamic behaviour in the lab-scale tank-in-series equipment was modelled by step shock loading of the substrate concentration.
The study presents the measuring position for determination of the dynamical behavior of vegetables and fruit. The main element of the device is an instrumented rigid physical pendulum made of carbon fi ber. The pendulum arm was developed as a double arch connected with the external links. This construction enables attaining the desirable value of the quotient of the mass moment of inertia of the pendulum arm with a fruit and the arm without it as well as appropriate rigidity. The studies with the pendulum device application simulated the apple drop from a required height. The tests measuring pendulum rotation angle and fruit response force in time facilitated determination of the force – displacement correlation at impact event. The obtained displacement and impact force courses in time were presented graphically.
An intermittently aerated completely mixing lab-scale bioreactor was applied in the modelling of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes carried out in the Carrousel system. Two kinetic models based on the IAWPRC task group kinetic and stoichiometric concept were developed and verified. The model parameters number is reduced and the influence of waste water composition on oxygen transport rate is implicitly incorporated by the evaluation of oxic and anoxic "switching functions" based on oxygen profile data monitored in the bioreactor. The advantages of this approach in comparison to the tank-in-series model are discussed.
The aim of this contribution is to propose a new non-asymptotic 2D-model of non-homogeneous Reissner type elastic plates with one-directional periodic (uniperiodic) structure. This model was obtained by tolerance averaging technique (TAA) describing effect of repetitive cell size l (and at the same time the period-length of in-homogeneity) on the overall plate behaviour. The new feature of the proposed model is the possibility to apply the analysis of plates having thickness of an order of the period-length. So far, the non-asymptotic 2Dmodel of Reissner-type uniperiodic plates was formulated under assumption that the plate thickness is very small compared to the period-length.
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