Article presents the assessment of growth and survival of silver fir seedlings planted under stand canopies constituted by common beech, European larch, Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch. Measurements were carried out in Karkonoski National Park (SW Poland) in 2001 and 2011. The tallest trees were grow− ing under the canopy of larch both in 2001 and 2011.
Paper presents the results of research on the productivity and economic effectiveness of timber harvesting in stands managed under complex cutting systems. Use of the operating time of a work−shift, including wood processing, loads preparation for skidding and changes at work sites, was low and amounted to 0.62. The main categories of the operating time were delimbing (45%) and travelling (31%). The unit costs of work of a harvester in the analysed stands were higher amounting to 69 PLN/m3 for eight−hour shifts and 110 working days a year, and 40 PLN/m3 for sixteen−hour shifts compared to the work of the saw operator (32 PLN/m3 for the eight−hour shift).