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In this paper the result of the many year's studies on groundwater flow in Middle Biebrza Basin and in it's vicinity was presentend, especially in the aspect of dependence in the differentiation of groundwater flow from the morfo-geological conditions. Basing on its, and considering hydrogeological conditions inside Basin and in the area arrounding it, author separated six regions for calculation the value of inflow the groundwater into the Basin. Calculations were done using Darcy's formula for hydrogeological cross-sections which were interpreted as a representative for each region. The coefficient of groundwater inflow which was calculated for Middle Biebrza Basin is changed from 0.009 mm per day to 0.656 mm per day (the average 0.092 mm per day). The results of the investigations and calculations were presented on maps, draws, and tables.
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Natural conditions in the Middle Biebrza Basin were disturbed by building at the turn of the XIXth century of several canals, witch changed the course of the Jegrznia and Ełk rivers. The beds of these rivers become overgrown with plants and lost water in sections where water was overtaken by canals. Furthermore, the canals exerted a draining effect on adjoining areas because of their relatively high gradient of water surface. The participation of particular types of flow in the basin water alimentation has not been fully explained. It was decided to solve the problem by mathematical model - building or adapting an existing model for particular elements of water cycle. The model of flow in the network of channels, overland and subsurface flow have been combined with the model of groundwater flow. In order to examine the influence of water levels in the Jegrznia river, the Ełk River and in the Woźnawiejski Canal on the groundwater levels in the studied region of the Biebrza River a number of simulations runs were carried out. To increase the ground water level in the Middle Biebrza Basin and to limit the draining impact of the Woźnawiejski Canal a series of small weirs have been constructed in the Woźnawiejski Canal. The numerical model was used taking into account the designed cascade of small weirs.
Taxonomical and zoocenological analysts of Coleoptera sampled on wet meadows in northeastern part of Poland was made. The representatives of 18 families were found and review of most interesting was described.
The results of the investigations concerning the needs and possibilities of water conditions renaturization on hydrogenic areas in the Middle Biebrza Basin were discussed. This Basin represents the wetlands which are located within the Biebrza National Park the part of them were transformed as a result of drainage. Because of the large area of the Middle Biebrza Basin and its different conditions, the investigations concerning renaturalization were concentrated on the selected part of the Basin within the triangle area bounded by the Jegrznia River, the Ełk River and the Woźnawiejski Canal. Basing on the results obtained from these investigations for this part of the basin the mathematical models were worked out. The interactively working models are capable to simulate water cycle in the hydrographical network as well as soil moisture conditions in the unsaturated zone of soil profile. The developed optimisation-simulation model allows the selection of the possible solutions from the point of view of the performance of different renaturization activities. The necessity of water conditions changes on selected pilot area by increase discharge capacity of the old beds of the Jegrznia and Ełk rivers and reduction of flows in the Woźnawiejski Canal was shown. Some activities related to implementation of this objectives were undertaken. Primary observations results of such activities shows that planed aim i.e. increase of the soil moisture conditions on the drained area can be achieved.
In 1987-1989 studies were conducted on soil invertebrates occurring on meadows in the Biebrza river valley (Kuwasy), spreading on muck developed of peats of various origin and under different degree of transformation. There was recorded a pronounced differentiation of invertebrate density in successive years of studies and dependence of density on the amount and distribution of precipitation in a season. With regard to density of invertebrates two groups of habitats were distinguished, namely, a) located on soil developed of sedge-moss and moss-tall sedge peats and b) sedge- moss-alder and alder peats. As compared to the former group of habitats, fauna on meadows located of soil formed of alder peats was marked for a lower mean abundance and a lesser differentiation of large taxa (order) composition, a closer similarity of dynamics of seasonal changes, stranger dependence on precipitation. In the series of habitats of a progressing degree of soil transformation there was observed a tendency of changes in the system of trophic groups, i.e., a decrease in contribution of large groups of predators (Aranea, Staphylinidae, Formicidae) and an increase in contribution of phytophages (Elateridae). The two-group division of the examined habitats was also noted while analyzing physical properties of soil and its microbial activity. In the gradient of the examined habitats there were recorded correlations between the changes in physical properties of soil (x), microbiological activity (y) and density of soil invertebrate fauna (z), expressed by Kendall partial rank correlation coefficient.
Physical soil properties are analyzed for 29 peat-moorsh soil profiles originated from Kuwasy and Ełk drainage-subirrigation systems located within the Middle Biebrza Basin. Cluster analysis was used to classify these profiles. As the result of the cluster analysis the following two groups of the peat-moorsh soil profiles were distinguished: deep and medium deep with medium and high degree of decomposition (group I) and shallow with medium and high degree of decomposition (group II). For the soil profiles belonging to group I pF measured data were collected and averaged. In order to determine unsaturated hydraulic conductivity "one-step" method was applied. Averaged measured moisture retention and unsaturated hydraulic soil properties were used as parameters in soil water modelling procedure. Hydrological part of SWACROP model was applied to study soil water conditions in peat-moorsh soils. Numerical simulation of water balance of the peat-moorsh soil profile was performed for vegetation period in 1993 using meteorological data recorded at Biebrza meteorological station and field measured groundwater levels as the bottom boundary condition. The following two cases were considered in the simulation procedure: irrigated soil profile located within drainage- subirrigation system and non-irrigated soil profile. As a result of performed numerical simulation it was found that allowable decrease in soil water storage in irrigated soil profile was about 100 mm whereas maximum allowable decrease of groundwater level was estimated as 80 cm. Properly operated subirrigation by controlling ditch water level can assess proper soil moisture content for protection of peat-moorsh soils against mineralization process.
In this paper water balance approach has been adopted for estimation the water management rules in the Middle Biebrza Basin. There are few different water users in the area which water demands are in conflict i.e. water use for agriculture and for carp production in the fish ponds vs. renaturization of the previously overdrained area along the Woznawiejski Canal. The main hydraulic structures in the are there are the Rajgrodzki water reservoir and the Kuwaski Canal. Authors propose also use of Drenstwo Lake as a water reservoir. Using optimisation-simulation model of the area the water management rules for the Rajgrodzki reservoir are estimated. The possible use of the Kuwaski Canal for flood protection is proposed. The idea of use of the Drenstwo Lake for water supply for renaturized area is examined. The results of various scenarios of water management in terms of performance criteria are summarized in Tab. 5 a and b.
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