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The tuber reaction to Phytophthora infestans was evaluated in individual genotypes of four diploid and four tetraploid potato families, their parents and standard cultivars. The genotypes were tested several times. Two testing methods were used, based on evaluation of tuber slices or whole tubers, respectively. All inoculations were done with MP 245, a fungus isolate with a broad virulence spectrum. If the reaction of tuber slices was evaluated, the distribution of genotypes in several families deviated considerably from a normal one. In some distributions more than one peak was detectable, indicating segregation of major genes. Genotypes transgressive in resistance were found in four families. If the reaction of whole tubers was evaluated, the distribution of genotypes did not deviate significantly from a normal one. Genotypes transgressive in resistance were found in one family. The tuber reaction to P. infestans depended to a large extent on testing conditions.
Potato families, segregating for resistance to Phytophthora infestans, were tested repeatedly to evaluate the distribution of resistance to P. infestans, the repeatability of testing results and correlation between resistance and some other characters. Four diploid and four tetraploid families were evaluated together with their parents and with potato cultivars used as standard. For all inoculations a virulent fungus isolate MP 245 was used. Leaflets were collected from plants growing in the field (summer tests) or in a glasshouse (autumn and spring tests). Segregation of major genes determining resistance was detectable in most families. In families originating from mating a resistant parent with a susceptible partner some progeny genotypes with resistance level of the resistant parent could be identified. In families originating from two parents showing only some resistance, a transgression of resistance could be found in the progeny. The expression of resistance depended on testing conditions. Some genotypes were consistently superior or inferior in resistance under all testing conditions, but often repeated evaluations of genotypes did not provide consistent results and significant interactions genotypes x tests were detectable.
This paper presents a method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for two diploid breeding lines of potato, and gives a detailed analysis of reporter gene expression. In our lab, these lines were also used to obtain tetraploid somatic hybrids. We tested four newly prepared constructs based on the pGreen vector system containing the selection gene nptII or bar under the 35S or nos promoter. All these vectors carried gus under 35S. We also tested the pDM805 vector, with the bar and gus genes respectively under the Ubi1 and Act1 promoters, which are strong for monocots. The selection efficiency (about 17%) was highest in the stem and leaf explants after transformation with pGreen where nptII was under 35S. About half of the selected plants were confirmed via PCR and Southern blot analysis to be transgenic and, depending on the combination, 0 to 100% showed GUS expression. GUS expression was strongest in multi-copy transgenic plants where gus was under Act1. The same potato lines carrying multi-copy bar under Ubi1 were also highly resistant to the herbicide Basta. The suggestion of using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of diploid lines of potato as a model crop is discussed herein.
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