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Optimal nutrition of sugar beets at critical growth stages is one of the crucial factors for the achievement of their highest yield potential. In the present study, it was presumed that reduced systems of sugar beet cultivation had no effect on the plants’ nutritional status at critical growth stages, on their yield or technological quality. In 2012-2013, two series of one-factorial field experiments with different beet crop husbandry were carried out in order to verify this hypothesis. The cultivation systems of sugar beet crops differed in the postharvest cultivation technology, mulch types and seedbed tillage. Conservation tillage systems were compared with the control treatment, which represented the conventional cultivation system with an application of manure and 35 cm deep autumn ploughing. The plant nutritional status assessment was carried out at two dates corresponding to the following growth stages: BBCH 16/17 (6-8 fully unfolded true leaves) and BBCH 39/40 (row closing). Regardless of the methods of tillage or the year of observation, the results showed that the plants at BBCH16/17 stage were well-nourished with macroelements but malnourished with microelements, mainly iron and zinc. The microelement deficiency in the plants was a result of adjusted soil reaction, which varied from slightly acidic to neutral. At the BBCH 39/40 stage, there was a decreasing trend in the content of leaf macronutrients in the no-tillage systems treatments compared to the conventional tillage with the ploughing depth to 35 cm and manure application. The reduced tillage systems in sugar beet cultivation did not result in either a yield decrease or a worse technological quality of roots. The experimental factor had no significant effect on the content of molassegenic compounds in beet roots. A decreasing trend was observed in the content of α-amino nitrogen and potassium when compared to the traditional cultivation system. The study showed that the choice of a cultivation technology is of secondary importance as long as the plant grows in optimal conditions resulting from an appropriate site selection.
Forests play a very important role in the process of the carbon cycle in the natural environment and timber harvesting disturbs the natural circulation of this element considerably. Moreover, the way of handling the post clear cutting residues can also influence the accumulation of carbon in the soil. Usually, increased contents of organic carbon in the near-surface layers of mineral forest soils were observed in the first year following the stand removal. The greatest soil carbon enrichment was recorded when branches were ground and mixed with the mineral soil. Considerable variations in the observed contents of organic carbon in the near-surface layer of mineral soils during the first two years after clear cutting and later makes it impossible to indicate the most advantageous method of management of post clear cutting residues.
The main aim of the study was to determine which of the viability and germination capacity of pollen grains estimation methods are optimal and to test if the studied sections and species within the Rosa genus are differentiated in pollen viability andgermination capacity. We analysedandcomparedpollen grains of 14 wild Rosa species using 5 viability tests and13 various liquidandagar media. Viability of pollen grains in the majority of the examinedspecies was greater than their germination capacity. The most viable pollen grains were foundin R. gallica (section Gallicanae), where average of 5 viability tests is 90.69%, andin R. pendulina (section Rosa) – 86.85%. Species from section Caninae have a lower level of viability (from 60.59% in R. rubiginosa to 31.23% in R. inodora). Pollen of species from sections Gallicanae (R. gallica; to 63.4%) and Rosa (R. pendulina; to 47.21%) germinatedmuch better than the pollen of the majority of species from section Caninae (with the exception of R. zalana; to 47.22%). The examinedpollen grains germinatedmost numerously on agar medium with 1.5% agar+15% sucrose+50 ppm boric acidandliquidmed ium with 15% sucrose+ 50 ppm boric acid. Following deep-freeze storage (–25°C) for six months, the pollen grains of nine selected species (with the exception of R. rubiginosa) showed viability higher or similar to that before storage.
Specific characteristics of sport disciplines require their performers to meet certain demands, also those related to body build. A success is conditioned, among other things, by the morphological structure of competitors. For this cause, their somatic features should be taken into consideration in the selection process. The aim of this research was to describe the level of morphological development and body proportions of swimmers in comparison to their non-practicing peers. What is more, different methods were used to evaluate body tissue composition. The research was based on the measurements of 33 swimmers and 36 non-practicing sport males as a control group, with the average training period of 9 years. The subjects ranged from 18 to 23 years of age. The anthropometric features were examined. Two methods, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance, were used to estimate the amount of body fat. Athletes performing swimming are characterized by the significant body height, long trunk, wide range of arms and highly developed shoulder girdle. Directed and systematic training has an influence on a great development of the upper part of the trunk and a slight decrease in body fat. The observed differences indicate that depth, circumference and mobility of the chest developed in swimming have a positive influence on the respiratory system. Poor differences observed in the amount of fat in the athletes and non-practicing subjects may result from the fact that the body accumulates fat tissue, used as a good thermal insulation.
Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a serious threat due to their ability to be transmitted between the same as well as different bacterial species. Different methods are applied in the clinical laboratory to detect MBLs. The aim of this study was to compare 4 phenotypic methods and a PCR assay for their ability to detect MBLs in clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. The study embraced a total of 70 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated in The Department of Microbiology of Dr A. Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz. The highest percentage (42.9%) of the strains were isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients, mainly from urine samples (31.4%). Methods used in this study were: double-disc synergy tests in two combinations: using ceftazidime with 2-mercaptopropionic acid and imipenem with EDTA, differences in inhibition zone diameters between discs with imipenem/ EDTA and imipenem, Etest MBL (AB Biodisk) and molecular amplification of blaIMP and blaVIM blaym genes responsible for producing MBLs, using PCR assay. The lowest percentage (1.4%) of positive results in detection of MBLs was obtained using PCR assay, the highest (72.9%) by double-disc synergy tests with imipenem and EDTA, but the specificity of this method may be low.
The aim of the study was to compare the results of body fat (in % and kg) measurements, obtained from 15 young non-obese adults (4 males, 11 females) with the use of different methods: Underwater Weighing (UWW) and Air-Displacement Plethysmography (BOD POD); Dual X-ray Absorbtiometry (DXA); Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), 4 Skinfolds measurements and BMI related formula, and to assess their correlation with UWW as a reference. The most accurate and best correlated with the reference were BOD POD and DXA. BIA gave results similar to and correlated well with UWW. Results of anthropometric methods correlated less with UWW, but mean values were not significantly different from the reference.
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ovariohysterectomy operations with aglepristone and aglepristone+PGF₂ₐ treatment protocols, preceded by clinical, gynaecological, and ultrasonographical examinations and total blood and hormone analyses in bitches. Furthermore, the influence of initial progesterone (P4) concentrations and uteral diameters on the efficacy of pyometra treatment was determined. Thirty bitches with pyometra were divided into three equal groups: the surgically treated group (OP) and groups treated pharmacologically aglepristone (AL) and with aglepristone+PGF₂ₐ (AP). A dose of 10 mg/kg of aglepristone was administered subcutaneously on days 1, 2, and 7 and if needed on day 14 (groups AL and AP). The bitches of the AP group received additionally 0.25 mg/kg of PGF₂ₐ, dinoprost trometamin, once every 24 h between days 3 to 7. Eight bitches in the OP group (80%), five bitches (50%) in the AL group, and five bitches (50%) in the AP group recovered. The success ratios we established, ignoring the criteria for treatment acceptance, increased to 60% in the AL group and 83.3% in the AP group when the bitches with P4>2 ng/mL and without ovarian cysts were evaluated and the difference between success ratios of the two groups was found to be insignificant. It has been found that carrying out frequently repeated examinations, pharmacological treatments using aglepristone or aglepristone+PGF₂ₐ constitutes a safe alternative to ovariohysterectomy in bitches in the dioestrus phase with P4>2 ng/mL and without ovarian cysts.
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