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1

Soil mesofauna [Acarina and Collembola] along transects crossed shelterbelts of different age and adjacent fields

100%
Olejniczak I.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
The communities of soil mesofauna were studied in the year 2004 along three transects crossed shelterbelts of different age (6, 11 and 170 years old) and adjacent wheat fields at a distance of 0.5, 15 and 50 m. Studies were carried out in the Gen. D. Chłapowski Landscape Park near Turew, Western Poland (16°45’E, 52°01’W). The age of shelterbelts vegetation affected soil mesofauna of adjacent fields in a diverse way. The mean density of mites amounts 7.4 × 10³ ind. m⁻² and 2.6 × 10³ ind. m⁻² respectively for the shelterbelts and fields. Densities of Acarina communities were affected not only by the presence of a shelterbelt (P = 0.000) but also its age (P = 0.02) and the distance from it (P = 0.000), and these effects were similar in spring and autumn (P = 0.08). The mean density of springtail noted in shelterbelts of different age was 2.0 × 10³ ind. m⁻² and in the field sites 2.2 × 10³ ind. m⁻². Although the effect of the shelterbelts’ age on the density of Collembola was not found (P = 0.3), the densities were different in shelterbelts and in adjacent fields (P = 0.006) but statistical significance was found only between spring and autumn (P = 0.000). The distance from the shelterbelt influenced (though less intensely) the density of Collembola on adjacent field (P = 0.01). Eighteen species of Collembola were found in studied shelterbelts and fields. Isotoma notabilis Schäff. usually dominated in shelterbelts. Its contribution to abundance of communities varied depending on the age of shelterbelts (in 6 years old shelterbelt it constituted as many as 71% of the whole community). In 11 years old shelterbelt Schoetella ununguiculata (Tullb.), was more common than Isotoma notabilis Schäff. and in the 170 years old shelterbelt the dominant species was Onychiurus armatus (Tullb.). Friesea mirabilis (Tullb.), Proisotoma minuta (Tullb.), Isotoma notabilis or Onychiurus armatus dominated in adjacent fields though their contribution was depended on shelterbelt’s age and on the distance from it.
2

Content of some macroelements in blood serum and haematological parameters in goats of different age

84%
Brzezinska M., Orowicz W., Pieczynska M.
Journal of Elementology
|
2005
|
tom 10
|
nr 4 Suppl.1
22-23
3
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Studies on soluble carbohydrates in yellow lupin [Lupinus luteus L.] seeds of different age

84%
Zalewski K., Lahuta L. B.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2007
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tom 76
|
nr 4
309-312
Yellow lupin seeds cv. Juno were stored under laboratory conditions for 2 month, 4, 6 and 8 years. Eighteen soluble carbohydrates were identified in embryonic axes and cotyledons of different age seeds. The concentration of soluble carbohydrates in analysed seeds ranged from 25 to 34% of dry mass. Axes contained more carbohydrates than cotyledons. Stachyose dominated in axes, and verbascose - in cotyledons. Other detected galactosides were: galactinol, galactosyl pinitols and galactosyl chiro-inositols (fagopyritols), but their content was several-fold lower than that of RFOs (in both axes and cotyledons tissues). The concentration of soluble carbohydrates indicated, that sucrose to RFOs mass ratio, or other changes in sugars composition are not indicators of seed storage.
4

Ancient forest species in tree stands of different age as indicators of the continuity of forest habitat

84%
Sikorska D., Sikorski P., Wierzba M.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
|
2008
|
tom 29
5

Edge effects on tree growth and species diversity in forests of different types and ages

84%
Li J., Zhao C., Peng Y., Hu Y., Yuan X.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2018
|
tom 66
|
nr 3
Edge to interior gradients in forest ecosystems can influence the species composition and community structure as a result of variations in micro-environment. In this study, the edge effects on stand productivity and plant species diversity were investigated in two adjacent types of forests in central-southern China: Chinese fir adjacent with pine forests and Chinese fir adjacent with broad-leaved forests. A total of 48 sample plots for overstory and 240 sample quadrates for understory in different stand ages were set up. The tree growth parameters were measured in the overstory while the plant species diversity was measured in both overstory and understory of the examined forests. The results showed that DBH (tree diameter at the breast height), tree height and stand volume in overstory increased from the central areas (CA) of forests to the edge areas (EA), and the plant species richness and diversity in understory were greater in EA than in CA. The edge effect was greater in Chinese fir paired with broad-leaved forests than in Chinese fir paired with pine forests. The edge effect decreased in an order as young aged stands > middle aged stands > mature aged stands in the studied forests. The changes in tree growth and species diversity in the edge area compared to the interior were mainly attributed to the alteration of micro-environmental factors such as light density, temperature and moisture. Our results suggest increasing forest productivity and plant species diversity could be achieved by making more edges in the forests.
6

Thysanoptera community of midfield shelterbelts of different age

84%
Szeflinska D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
The density and species composition of Thysanoptera were estimated in three shelterbelts with different age located in arable land (Turew area, West Poland). It was stated, that 100 years old shelterbelts supply favorable habitats for the community of these insects: the occurrence of species connected closely with the shelterbelt and the stable species composition were found there. In the young shelterbelt (two years after planting). Thysanoptera constituted a community dynamically changing. In several (7–8) years old shelterbelt the community of these insects showed the features characteristic for community noted in 100 years old shelterbelt.
7

Enchytraeids [Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta] in midfield shelterbelts of different age and in adjoining croplands

67%
Nowak E.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
The objective of this paper was to recognize the influence of forest strips planted (as the shelterbelts) in agricultural area, on adjoining cereal fields basing on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid community. Species composition, density and individual size of enchytraeids were estimated in October and April 2003–2005 along two transects: 6 and 11 years old shelterbelts > ecotones > fields (at a distance of 15 and 50 m. from the wood strip) and in two reference sites: large (about 100 ha) forest stand and the field (“control” field) located in deforested area. The results have been compared with the published results of the previous studies made in the same area four years before (1999–2000). Samples were collected with soil corer 10 cm2 in area and 15 cm deep. Ten samples in each site were taken twice a year. Sixteen species were found in total. The range of density and biomass of enchytraeids for all study sites accounted for 1.6 to 15.3 ind.m⁻² and 55 to 956 mg f.wt. m⁻² (i.e.15– 308 mg d.w.) respectively. The lowest density was obserwed in the control field located in the deforested area. However, density and biomass of enchytraeids in the fields accounted for 67% and 47% respectively of those in shelterbelts. Species composition of enchytraeids in the young (2–11 yrs old) forest strips and in the adjacent fields was similar, however different from those in the forest stand and in old (150 yrs) shelterbelt. The response of enchytraeids to grass litter introduced on the soil surface was assessed in the experiment performed in a control field and in the transect of wood strip > field. The 7–10 portions of dried grass Dactylis glomerata (L.), (10 g each) were exposed in each plot for 12 and 18 months. More animals was found in the upper soil layer taken below the exposed litter as well as the density of all enchytraeids and percent share of the dominant genus Enchytraeus increased in the soil after 18 months of litter exposure.
8

Wing to tail length ratio in European Blackbirds [Turdus merula L.] of different age

67%
Wysocki D., Kiriaka B.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
Urban European Blackbird (Turdus merula L.) population was studied in 1997–2004 in two city parks of Szczecin (NW Poland), based on observations of colour-ringed birds. Biometric studies involving numerous bird species showed that the wings of individuals in their second year of life are shorter than those of birds older than two years; the causes of the differences are, however, unclear. The wing length of the individuals observed the year following the ringing was similar to that of the individuals that were not observed that year (probably non-survivors) –127.2 vs. 127.5 mm for young birds, 129.9 vs. 128.3 mm for old birds, respectively. Therefore, the hypothesis assuming increased mortality of shorter-winged individuals has to be rejected. In opposition to the expected differences between the wing to tail length ratios in the young and older birds (1st year – 1.43, 2nd year – 1.40, older – 1.39) one has to reject the hypothesis that the young individuals benefit from higher maneuverability of shorter wings. On the other hand, the greater wing length of those individuals captured in their second year of life and recaptured one year later (127.2 vs. 129.7 mm respectively) allows to accept the hypothesis of better nutrition as the cause of longer wings in the older blackbirds.
9

Soil-litter macrofauna in the mixed forest and midfield shelterbelts of different age [Turew area, West Poland]

59%
Olechowicz E.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
The paper deals with the composition, density and biomass of soil-litter macrofauna in four midfield shelterbelts of different age and, comparatively, in the neighbouring mixed forest. The increase was observed along with the shelterbelt ageing of: 1) numbers of all macrofauna and particularly of some taxa (Symphyla, Chilopoda, coleopteran larvae and imagines and some dipteran larvae), 2) biomass of all macrofauna, of soil fauna (Group I) and of coleopteran larvae, 3) share of zoophages in all macrofauna and in dipteran larvae, 4) share of phytophages in coleopteran larvae communities, 5) average individual biomass, 6) taxonomic richness and the biodiversity (H’), 7) similarity of composition and domination structure of all macrofauna and of dipteran larvae to those in forest communities. The decrease of density of dipteran larvae, particularly of Chironomidae and Sciaridae and the share of saprophages in all macrofauna and in dipteran larvae was also observed. Successional stages of more numerous invertebrate taxa in newly established woodlots are described. Dipteran larvae were the pioneers in colonising newly established shelterbelts, particularly larvae from two families: Chironomidae and Sciaridae. Their combined contribution to the total density of dipteran larvae was 92%.
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