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Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in Western societies

100%

Okreglicka K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

2015

tom 66

nr 2

A Western-type diet, characterized by a significant share of highly processed and refined foods and high content of sugars, salt, fat and protein from red meat, has been recognized as an important factor contributing to the development of metabolic disorders and the obesity epidemic around the world. Excessive body fat causes metabolic pathologies, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cancer. According to the World Health Organization 1.5 billion adults are overweight, nearly 500 million are obese and 220 million suffer from type 2 diabetes. The Western-type diet is also associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease. It is known that a combination of nutrients typical for this diet contributes to impaired renal function, renal steatosis and inflammation, hypertension and dysfunctional renal hormonal regulation. The Western diet is also associated with a chronic inflammatory process that is involved in all stages of atherosclerosis development and is increasingly recognized as a universal mechanism of various chronic degenerative diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, some neoplasms or osteoporosis. The present article is focused on the results of the most recent research investigating the effects of dietary macronutrients and the type of fatty acids on selected mechanisms associated with the occurrence of the most common diet-related diseases.

Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita [Hamilton], fingerlings

100%

Dalal S., Bhattacharya S., Ray A. K.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

2001

tom 31

nr 2

A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings (mean weight 4.06 ±0.08 g). Nine purified diets prepared with 25, 35, and 40 % protein level each having 15, 25, and 35 % carbohydrate were fed to nine different feeding groups at the rate of 3% of body weight in triplicate treatments. Better performance of fish in terms of percent weight gain, SGR, FCR, and PER was observed with increasing percentage of carbohydrate at a given protein level. Protease and α-amylase activities increased with increase in dietary protein and carbohydrate levels, respectively. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities varied significantly in some groups. No significant difference among different groups regarding glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity was observed. Ammonia excretion was found to increase with increased consumption of dietary protein and carbohydrate and was highest in the groups of fish fed 40% protein diet suggesting active nitrogen metabolism in these.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

1 Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

1 Bhattacharya S.

1 Dalal S.

1 Okreglicka K.

1 Ray A. K.

1 2015

1 2001

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in Western societies

Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita [Hamilton], fingerlings