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Evaluation of the relationship of the climbing level of sport climbers with selected anthropometric indicators and diet composition

100%

Przeliorz-Pyszczek A., Golabek K., Regulska-Ilow B.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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tom 28

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nr 4

2

Diet composition and spatial patterns of food caching in wintering Great Grey Shrikes [Lanius excubitor] in Bulgaria

86%

Nikolov B. P., Kodzhabashev N. D., Popov V. V.

Biological Letters

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2004

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tom 41

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nr 2

119-133

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Analysis of changes in selected parameters of calcium and magnesium metabolism in response to diet composition and B-group vitamin supplementation in rat

86%

Sadowska J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria

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2010

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tom 09

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nr 3

363-372

Background. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a diet modification and supplementation with B-group vitamins, on selected characteristics of calcium and magnesium management in rats. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 60 rats aged 5 months. Animals were fed two different diets. Groups I and II received clean tap water to drink, while group III had water solution of group-B vitamins. Results. Analysis of blood plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations in the studied animals did not reveal a significant effect of the analysed factors on blood plasma calcium concentration in examined rats. An increase of the plasma level of magnesium was observed with a change in the diet composition. The supplementation reduced magnesium level to those observed in animals fed a basic feed. Diet modification and supplementation exerted the influence on whole blood calcium and magnesium levels. A change in the composition of the diet and its supplementation results also in an increase in bone calcium content in males, and in an increase in bone magnesium content in females. Conclusions. Lack of changes in blood plasma calcium levels in the studied animals implies the preservation of the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate its concentration, whereas the observed significant changes in the concentration of magnesium, point to a significant effect of this factor on its metabolism. Changes in hematocrit indicator, whole blood concentrations of calcium and magnesium and the absence of changes in concentrations of these elements in blood plasma of supplemented animals may indicate that the elements move to erythrocytes, which may imply a distortion of cellular membrane and an increase in its permeability. Composition of the diet and its supplementation modified also bone calcium and magnesium concentrations in the studied rats.

4

Nutritional status versus diet composition of 10-15-year-old children from the Central-East Poland

86%

Czeczelewski J., Raczynski G.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2006

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tom 15/56

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nr 2

The study was aimed at determining differences in the content of carbohydrates as well as fat and its constituents in diets of 10-15-year-old children characterised by different nutritional status and originating from small towns of the central-eastern Poland. The study demonstrated that the diet of overweight and obese children (BMI>90 ptc) compared to that of the thin children (BMI<10 ptc) was characterised by a higher mean content of fats (32.5 cal% vs. 30.5 cal%), a lower concentration of carbohydrates (54.8 cal% vs. 56.8 cal%), a lower mean ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (0.36 vs. 0.45), and a higher mean content of cholesterol (343 mg/24 h vs. 298 mg/24 h). The linolic acid:α-linolenic acid ratio as well as the vitamin E:linolic acid ratio were alike in all groups examined. From the point of view of the prevention of ischaemic heart disease, it seems that the diet of children with overweight and obesity had more features facilitating atherogenesis than the diet of thin children. The results obtained may also indicate relationships between nutritional status (estimated on the basis of BMI and body adiposity) and diet composition, i.e. indirectly, eating patterns of the children analysed.

5

The winter browse supply for moose in different forest site-types in the Biebrza Valley, Poland

86%

Borkowska A., Konopko A.

Acta Theriologica

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1994

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tom 39

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nr 1

The winter biomass of browse for moose was estimated in the fresh pine forest, the moist coniferous forest and the alder wood in the Biebrza Valley (NE Poland). Fifteen species of trees and shrubs were available to moose in the forest site-types examined. Ten of them were identified to be important: six in each forest association. On the basis of their biomass, Betula pubescens, B. pendula and Frangula alnus were the most important food plants in coniferous forests and Sorbus aucuparia in the alder wood. The highest supply of browse was found in the timber stand of the moist coniferous forest (27.42 kg dry wt/ha) and the alder wood (25.97 kg dry wt/ha). The lowest supply of 5.43 kg dry wt/ha was available in the fresh pine forest. Browse was least abundant in the pole-sized stands of both fresh pine (0.78 kg dry wt/ha) and the moist coniferous forest 0.87 kg dry wt/ha).

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Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in East-Central Finland

86%

Gade-Jorgensen I., Stagegaard R.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 4

In east-central Finland, wall' Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 scats were collected from January to November 1997. The summer (May-September) and winter (October-April) diet were determined from 370 scats using four scat-analysis methods: frequency of occurrence, measured dry weight, relative volume and the linear regression model of Weaver (1993). An overall agreement of diet assessment was found between the methods. Moose Alees alces was far the most important prey species in both seasons, accounting for 88% (summer) and 96% (winter) of consumed mammal biomass, Other food types were: hare, beaver, badger, dog, pig, cattle, birds, small rodents, berries, insects, and fishes. The presence of domestic pig and cattle remains implied scavenging behaviour by the wolves. The inclusion of dogs leads to conflict between man and wolves. From 260 scats the summer diet of two wolf packs and the winter diet of one of the packs were determined. No notable seasonal difference in diet was found. An inter-pack difference in summer diet was found, resulting from a relatively lower exploitation of moose (69% versus 93% of consumed mammal biomass) and a corresponding wider use of secondary food types, especially hare, by one of the packs.

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Food niche overlap in co-existing Barn Owl Tyto alba (Scopoli 1769) and Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Gmelin 1788 in intensively used farmland

72%

Kopij G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 1

The study was conducted at a site where the Great Horned Owl and the Barn Owl nested in a close proximity to each other in an intesivelly managed farmland in north-eastern Oregon. By the means of pellet content analysis it has been shown that food niches of both species almost totally overlapped. Their main diet was composed of Microtus voles (numerically: 79% in Great Horned Owl and 86% in Barn Owl) which were probably superabundant in this site.

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Small mammals in the diet of the Tawny Owl [Strix aluco L.] in Central European Lowland

72%

Zmihorski M., Balciauskiene L., Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 4

693-700

We analysed the variation of small mammal species composition in the Tawny Owl Strix aluco L. diet in forest habitats of Central European Lowland. We used published and unpublished materials from forest-dominated landscapes in Lithuania (n = 7 locations), Poland (n = 8) and East Germany (n = 1); marginal localities were ca. 870 km from each other. We recorded that in Central European Lowland the proportion of Arvicolidae in the Tawny Owl diet significantly increased, while that of Muridae decreased toward north-east. The proportion of less common rodent species (including Gliridae and Sicita betulina Pallas) in the diet also increased significantly toward NE. We did not record any trend of small mammals diversity along the analysed transect. We suggest that the change of Arvicolidae to Muridae ratio toward north-east can be caused by the replacement of mice with boreal vole species in small mammal community. Small mammal diversity in Central Europe is subject of discussion.

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Seasonal pattern of wild boar's diet in Western Poland - research in the Zielonka Game Investigation Centre

72%

Wlazelko M., Labudzki L., Gorecki G., Skubis J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2009

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tom 08

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nr 3

The stomach content of 74 wild boars harvested in the Zielonka Game Investigation Centre in 2005-2007 were analyzed. According to the hunting management schedule and the cycles of forest and farmland food occurrence, three research seasons were selected and compared with respect to the trophic behaviour of wild boar. As many authors claimed, the animals extraordinarily tended to eat mainly the feed supplied to the forest. Such a disruption in the natural use of the food niche in the forest environment, resulting from an irrational feeding policy, interferes with the natural trophic role of this species.

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Reduced mechanosensitivity of duodenal vagal afferent neurons after an acute switch from milk-based to plant-based diets in anaesthetized pigs

72%

Bligny D., Blat S., Chauvin A., Guerin S., Malbert C.-H.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 3

89-100

Acute changes in diet composition and/or origin alter gastric emptying and gastro-intestinal motility. One of the hypotheses explaining these alterations involves changes in the sensitivity of duodenal vagal sensory neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of multimodal duodenal vagal sensory neurons in 20 pigs feed either with milk-based or plant-based diets of identical caloric content. Twenty duodenal vagal afferents were recorded in anesthetized animal from the cervical vagus using the single fiber method. 10 pigs were fed with a milk-based diet (MD) for one month while the diet of the 10 other pigs was changed for plant-based diet (PD) the day preceding the recording session. The behavior of the receptors was tested in basal resting conditions and after challenges with duodenal intralipid and close intra-arterial injection of CCK, 5-HT or capsaicin with and without isovolumetric duodenal distensions at 20, 40 and 60 mmHg. All receptors were slowly adapting C type fiber with a receptor field located 6-7 cm distal to the pylorus. The rate of discharge during distension (20, 40 and 60 mmHg) combined with duodenal intralipid was significantly larger for MD compared with PD. Similarly, the rate of discharge observed during distensions performed with CCK and with 5-HT were greater for MD compared with PD while CCK and 5-HT without distension were equally stimulating for MD and PD. No significant difference was found between groups during capsaicin infusion irrespective of the stimulating pressure. In conclusion, a switch to plant-based diet, when compared to a milk-based diet, results in an overall decrease in mechanical sensitivity of duodenal neurons during lipid, 5HT and CCK challenges, but not in basal conditions or after capsaicin. This reduced sensitivity to distension may explain the diet-induced alteration of gastric emptying that is controlled primarily through a vago-vagal reflex.

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Fidelity to roost sites and diet composition of wintering male urban Common Kestrels Falco tinnunculus

72%

Riegert J., Fuchs R.

Acta Ornithologica

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2011

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tom 46

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nr 2

During harsh winters, partially migratory raptors face to making a decision whether leave their breeding sites or not. However, decision to leave brings advantages for maintaining own body condition, but also disadvantages for further reproduction. We studied individual variability in fidelity to roost sites during two winters. The kestrel males in České Budějovice (Southern Bohemia) roost near their breeding sites for most of the winter. Individuals occupy the same roost site continuously, unless they temporarily leave the city. We collected pellets at the males' roost sites from November to April in 1996/1997 and 1997/1998. We analysed the factors that affect males' presence (proportion of days with snow cover — PSC, snow depth and mean temperature). There were fewer absences, overall, in 1997/1998 than in 1996/1997, probably due to milder weather conditions, and better prey availability. Individuals responded differently to periods of snow cover; some males left the city but others remained. Males that remained had a higher proportion of non-vole prey (birds, insectivors and insects) in their diet compared to those that left. Moreover, the proportion of birds in diet was positively correlated with PSC in males that stayed at roost sites during the period with snow cover. We suggest that males able to feed on birds during snow cover could remain in the city in harsh winters, and this would give them an advantage during competition for breeding sites in the following spring.

12

Comments on the diet of Asplanchna priodonta [Gosse, 1850] in the Dobczycki dam reservoir on the basis of field sample observations

72%

Pociecha A., Wilk-Wozniak E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2008

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tom 37

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nr 3

63-69

13

Multi-annual variation in the diet composition and frugivory of the Japanese marten (Martes melampus) in western Tokyo, central Japan

72%

Tsuji Y., Yasumoto Y., Takatsuki S.

Acta Theriologica

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2014

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tom 59

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nr 3

To examine multi-annual variations in the food habits of the Japanese marten (Martes melampus), we analyzed the composition of marten feces in the Bonbori Forest Path in western Tokyo, central Japan, in two time periods a decade apart (1997–1998 and 2007–2008). The staple foods of martens in both periods were fruits/seeds and animal materials (mainly insects and mammals). The martens fed frequently on fruits/seeds and insects throughout the year in both periods, but the consumption of mammals, birds, and arthropods/other animals showed seasonal variations. The composition of fruits/seeds and the frequency of occurrence for each fruit-bearing species differed between the two periods. These results suggest that both the foraging strategy and role of martens as a seed dispersal agent changes yearly, presumably according to multi-annual variation in the availability of prey animals and/or fruits. We emphasize the importance of multi-annual studies both on food habits and to monitor food availability in the temperate region where the food environment changes among seasons, as well as years.

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Effect of diet composition and mixture of selected food additives on the erythrocytic system and iron metabolism in peripheral blood of male rats

72%

Sadowska J., Kuchlewska M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria

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2011

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tom 10

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nr 4

Background. Metabolic processes of food additives which are “exogenous xenobiotics” are catalysed, primarily, by enzymes located in microsomes of hepatocytes affiliated to P-450 cytochrome superfamily, containing iron. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet composition and selected food additives on the erythrocyte system and iron metabolism in peripheral blood of male rats. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 30 male rats sorted into three equinumerous groups. For drinking animals received pure, settled tap water, animals from group III were receiving additionally an aqueous solution of sodium (nitrate), potassium nitrite, benzoic acid, sorbic acid and monosodium glutamate. Results. Ascertained a significant effect of changes in diet composition on the increase in hematocrit marker value and the count of red blood cells in blood of animals examined. Used food additives diminished hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and red blood cell count, diminishing also iron concentration in serum, the total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation with iron. Conclusions. Analysis of the results allowed ascertain adverse changes in values of the erythrocytic system markers, occurring under the influence of the applied mixture of food additives. Used food additives change the iron metabolism, most likely from the necessity of applied xenobiotics biotransformation by heme-containing monoxygenases of P-450 cytochrome.

15

Free-ranging domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Central Poland: density, penetration range and diet composition

72%

Krauze-Gryz D., Gryz J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 1

The aim of this study was to assess the density and diet composition of free-ranging dogs in Poland. The study was conducted in a field and forest mosaic in the central part of the country in the years 2005–2011. The density of the free-ranging dogs was assessed during night counts along repeated transect routes. The number of dogs seen and the feasible observation area were recorded to calculate density index for each control. The day and night counts captured data on group composition and penetration range. Diets were studied through scat analyses. The dog density ranged from 2.2–3.1 ind. km–2 depending on the area. Most dogs were observed alone, and 40% formed groups of 2 to 5 dogs. Most groups were recorded close to buildings, but the group organisation changed (especially during the daytime) with increasing distance from the buildings: 35% of dogs in the village were in groups, but 55% of dogs formed groups at a distance of more than 100 m from the buildings. The night proportion of dogs in groups was approximately 50%, regardless of the distance. Their scats contained mostly cereal given by farmers. The prey remains were game species: roe deer (1.3% of occurrences in summer and 12% in winter), brown hare (3–4%), small mammals (5–9.5%) and birds (approx. 1.5%). The study demonstrated that the abundance of dogs in the rural areas of central Poland may play an important role in the ecosystem.

16

Winter diet composition of urban long-eared owls (Asio otus) in Rzeszow (SE Poland)

72%

Dziemian S., Pilacinska B., Pitucha G.

Biological Letters

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2012

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tom 49

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nr 2

17

The effect of urbanization on the diet composition of the Tawny owl (Strix aluco L.)

72%

Grzedzicka E., Kus K., Nabielec J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 2

In recent years, developing urban areas have affected food abundance and the feeding grounds of birds. The article contains analysis of the Tawny owl’s diet during four years (2006–2009) from different types of the urbanized area: city, town (much smaller than city) and countryside – based on 356 pellets with 726 prey items. The main group of victims was Rodentia, common were also Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus sylvaticus. Other important groups in the diet were: Microtidae (especially species Microtus arvalis) and Aves. As a generalist, Tawny owl fits the diet to the actual resources in a very flexible way. The main goal of the present work was to describe the food composition variability of the Tawny owl along with the degree of urbanization. Percentages of Microtus arvalis, Micromys minutus, Talpa europaea depended on the urbanization level, while Apodemus flavicollis, Insecta and Amphibia were related to the distance to nearest city centre. The study has shown that the diet of the Tawny owl has been changing along the urbanization gradient. It confirms earlier findings on high plasticity of foraging of this species in urbanized landscape.

18

Evaluation of the impact of diet supplementation with calcium, magnesium, zinc and chromium on concentration of selected indices of protein metabolism in female rats

72%

Goluch-Koniuszy Z., Sadowska J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Veterinary Medicine

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 4

19

Characteristics of the grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus ) diet in the Vistula River mouth (Mewia Łacha Nature Reserve, Southern Baltic Sea), based on the osteological and molecular studies of scat samples

72%

Keszka S., Panicz R., Stepanowska K., Biernaczyk M., Wrzecionowski K., Zybala M.

Oceanologia

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2020

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tom 62

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nr 3

20

Mapping an ecosystem service: A quantitative approach to derive fish feeding ground maps

72%

Siaulys A., Daunys D., Bucas M., Bacevicius E.

Oceanologia

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2012

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tom 54

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nr 3

This study presents a quantitative approach to mapping benthophagous fish feeding grounds. This approach combines the spatial biomass distribution of benthic prey items and their importance for the diets of predators. A point based biomass data of macrozoobenthos together with a set of environmental factors was used to develop Random Forests models that produce continuous biomass distribution layers for individual prey species. Depending on the diet composition and the importance of prey for fish feeding, these layers are overlaid and an integrated GIS map of the seabed showing the quality of feeding grounds is generated. These maps provide a useful basis for conservation and marine spatial planning. In addition, this method could be applied to the mapping of resources used by other benthophagous organisms. The method is presented using the example of three common Baltic fish species: cod, flounder and viviparous eelpout.

Ograniczanie wyników

Evaluation of the relationship of the climbing level of sport climbers with selected anthropometric indicators and diet composition

Diet composition and spatial patterns of food caching in wintering Great Grey Shrikes [Lanius excubitor] in Bulgaria