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The effect of diesel oil contamination on the number of soil microrflora in light clay sand and light clay was determined in a pot experiment. The experimental soil was contaminated with the following doses of diesel oil (ON) calculated as maximum water capacity (MWC): 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3%. The lowest dose of diesel oil (0.5% MWC) for the lighter soil was 1.67 g · kg⁻¹ d.m. and for heavier soil it was 1.71 g · kg⁻¹ d.m. Varied urea fertilization also was applied: 0 and 250 mg N g · kg⁻¹ d.m. of soil. For the initial 18 days, the pots were maintained unsown. On day 18, the Juno variety of yellow lupine was planted (7 plants per pot). The yellow lupine plants were harvested at the blooming phase. Soil samples were taken on day 18 and immediately after yellow lupine harvest. Based on the results, soil contamination with 0.5% to 3.0% MWC of diesel oil was found to disturb the soil microbiological balance. This substance stimulated the development of oligotrophic, copiotrophic, sporulating copiotrophic and Actinomycetales and inhibited the development of Azotobacter spp. and cellulolytic bacteria. Fertilisation with urea had a positive effect on the multiplication of the above microorganisms. The number of oligotrophic, copiotrophic bacteria and Actinomycetales was higher in the light clay, whereas the number of sporulating oligotrophic, sporulating copiotrophic and cellulolytic bacteria and fungi was greater in light clay sand soil. Yellow lupine cultivation had a positive effect on the multiplication of sporulating oligotrophic, copiotrophic and cellulolytic bacteria and fungi in both analyzed types of soil. Hydrolytic acidity and organic carbon content were positively correlated, whereas pH, total exchangeable cations and alkaline cation soil saturation were negatively correlated with soil contamination with diesel oil.
The effect of soil contamination with diesel oil and petrol on the nitrification process was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Samples of typical brown soil developed from loamy sand, of pH of 6.6 in 1M KCl, Hh -11.38 mmol+ kg-1 soil, S — 77.67 mmol+ kg-1 soil and Corg - 8.50 g kg-1 were analyzed. The experiment was performed in three replications, and for each test 100 g air-dry soil sample was placed in 150 cm3 beakers. Soil samples were contaminated with diesel oil and petrol with the addition of rapeseed oil and ethanol. The source of nitrogen was ammonium sulfate in the amount of 0 and 250 mg N per kg-1 soil. The content of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ was determined on experimental days 14, 28 and 42. Soil moisture was kept constant at 50% capillary water capacity throughout the experiment. Fertilizer nitrogen was subject to strong immobilization in soil contaminated with diesel oil and petrol. Both pollutants strongly inhibited the nitrification process. Diesel oil had a much stronger inhibitory effect on nitrification than petrol. Rapeseed oil also proved to be a powerful inhibiting factor. On experimental day 42, diesel oil reduced ammonium cation oxidation by 99%, and petrol - by 88%.
Our study aimed to determine the effects of conventional diesel fuel modification with biodiesel addition on the activity of soil microbiota. Diesel fuel, biodiesel and their mixture in a concentration of 5% (w/w) were introduced into soils – light loamy silty sand and light silty loam. Based on the obtained results, reduction in the content of live microbial biomass was found, irrespective of the soil type and contamination. Despite the introduction of biodiesel into soils, inhibition was observed in all examined treatments throughout the entire incubation.
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