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Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa biopsy specimens may be detected by means of several methods like histo-pathological assessment, culture on bacteriological media and urease tests. Comparative evaluation of the two most popular in Poland urease tests („Test Ureazowy" and CLOtest) and bacterial culture on solid medium has been carried out. The sensitivity, specificity and utilitarian properties of these diagnostic methods were analyzed on the ground of the results obtained after examination of biopsies taken from 100 patients referred to upper gastroscopy. The rate of color reaction in urease tests was also estimated in relation to the number of Hp cells and other urease producers introduced to reaction well. The superiority of the "Test Ureazowy" over CLOtest and culture is postulated in conclusion.
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Many building elements, due to their destination, are exposed to the influence of external environment, often very aggressive. Due to that such building elements should be protected in a special way. I have presented the outline of problems related with maintenance of building structures, taking into account the principles of sustainable building. I have paid extra attention to the characteristics of local environment conditions and to their influence on the response of selected building elements. Building materials should be characterized with such features that will assure that the structures, in which they will be installed, will meet the requirements referring to service features. In this paper requirements regarding structural-material solutions for structures, bases for diagnostic tests and the essence of repair and rehabilitation of building structures has been discussed.
A rapid malaria diagnostic test, OptiMAL®, was evaluated in a field based study in different epidemiological zones of India. The test can differentiate P. falciparum and non-P. falciparum malaria. The OptiMAL test is based on a dipstick principle for detection of parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Since it has been shown that HRP-2 antigen can be detected even after parasitological cure, pLDH detection is more suited for follow up of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the test compared to microscopy was evaluated in 699 febrile patients from all the study sites. The sensitivity and specificity obtained with the OptiMAL test was 87.9% (79-100%) and 98.9% (95.4-100%) respectively, for diagnosis of falciparum malaria while sensitivity and specificity of OptiMAL for diagnosis of non-falciparum malaria (P. vivax) were 93% (89.2-100%) and 96.8% (94.3-100%), respectively. However, failure to detect high parasitaemia in one patient with P. falciparum malaria is of particular concern. Although the rapid tests have a definite role in diagnosis of malaria especially where expertise for microscopy is not available, the cost of the test kits remains a major obstacle to their wide spread use in developing countries.
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