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Competition policy in financing human capital development in rural areas should be considered in long term, and should base on the interdisciplinary research results that would refer to the field of political economics. Of special importance as such a basis are these research results that forecast the development trends in the second and the third decade of twenty first century.
The sources for the given subject research were preliminary organisational structures and systems of tax administrations that are currently in place in Slovakia as well as in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. The basic presumption of the research is the increase of the system effectiveness en bloc. Based on the trends analysis we assume, that the upcoming reform of the Tax and Customs Administrations shall contribute significantly to the increase of the system effectiveness and at the same time bring along the improvement in positive perceiving of taxes, seen by public as socially unpopular obligations.
Subject and purpose of work: Human capital is one of the key drivers of rural economic development. The purpose of this paper was to study the main assets of human capital in rural areas and to evaluate this human capital; to identify development trends and devise the recommendations for increasing the impact of human capital in Ukraine’s rural areas on individual incomes and economic growth. Materials and methods: The research focuses on evaluating the key assets of human capital in the rural areas of Ukraine – educations, health, qualifications, age and the integral evaluation of rural human capital. The data was gathered by random surveys of household living conditions conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. Annual surveys cover 10,500 households. Results: Results demonstrate that there were positive dynamics under the education component, while the health component was constantly in decline. The quantitative scoring of assets allowed preparing an integrated evaluation of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine and observing the dynamics of change in years. This indicator had declined before 2008. A decrease in the level of rural human capital in Ukraine started with the activation of large-scale agri-business in the late 1990s. Since 2009, human capital in rural areas has been increasing. The dynamics of human capital development in the rural areas of postEuromaidan Ukraine demonstrate the specific nature of its capitalisation. Profit per human capital in rural areas depends not on its rate but on the human capital (holder) employment profile. Conclusions: Received evaluations could be used for separation of priority state policy actions for balanced development, quantitative renovation and accumulation of human capital in rural areas.
Systemic crisis and the decline of rural areas lead to a decrease in the level of life of rural population, the decrease in agricultural production. This number of problems determines the ways of rural development.
In this article raw statistical data from the Central Statistical Office, the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute have been used. The author’s research covers the period from 1999 to 2009. Trends of the pomology development in Poland have been presented in the article. Changes in cultivation areas have been introduced as well as dominant species of apples have been pointed out. The most frequently cultivated species were Idared, Jonagold, Champion, Gloster and Cortland. The mentioned apple species reąuire high costs for plant protection.
Udział butelek w zastosowaniu opakowaniowego PET wyniósł w 2001 r. w Polsce 94%, a zapotrzebowanie na te butelki przekroczyło 2 mld szt. (w przeliczeniu na butelki o pojemności 1,5 . Problem zbyt małej barierowości PET wobec gazów rozwiązano przez zastosowanie powłok o wielokrotnej barierowości wobec PET nakładanych różnymi metodami (natryskowo, plazmowo). Szczególnie istotne jest to w przypadku zastosowania butelek PET do rozlewu piwa. Odporność butelek na temperaturę pasteryzacji osiągnięto dzięki zastosowaniu technologii Double Blow. Najczęściej stosowanym tworzywem do etykietowania butelek PET są folie OPP. Butelki PET podlegają recyklingowi wg technologii opracowanych w Polsce. W 2001 r. recykling oszacowano na kilkanaście procent, czyli na poziomie wyższym, niż założone minimalne 7% w 2002 r.
The aim of the article was to present directions of development of Lean Management - economic management system. Research thesis: Lean Management is a conception which leads to economical organization management system. It is universal conception, developed by decades. The method which allowed to prove the proposed research thesis was the analysis of domestic and foreign Lean Management literature.
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