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This study investigates the development cycle of Sawadaea tulasnei on Acer platanoides in urban conditions, taking into account the effect of traffic-induced pollution. Observations were taken at 63 stations in the city of Olsztyn and surroundings, located alongside major communication routes at distances of up to 50 m, 100 m, and 300 m with distances >300 m acting as control. S. tulasnei appeared in each experimental year. The highest mean pathological index that was statistically significant was recorded at stations located up to 50 m from the routes and the lowest at the control stations. Differences were observed in the incidence of S. tulasnei depending on the maturity of the host plant, whereas the development of the parasite was seen to be undisrupted. In the zone of up to 50 m, fruiting bodies matured earlier compared to controls, suggesting environmental stress.
Sitona humeralis Steph. has one generation per year. Adults survive through the winter. Full life cycle from egg to adult lasts 54 days on average, including about 10 days for embryo, 30 days for larval and 14 days for pupa stage.
Differentiated responses of Erysiphe alphitoides and E. hypophylla in urban conditions are described. The influence of transport pollution on the morphology of the mycelium, chasmotecium development and individual stages of the developmental cycle is discussed.
Two species of leaf beetle (Oulema spp.) – Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus 1758) and Oulema gallaeciana (Heyden 1870) are classified as the pests of cereals of economicalimportance in Poland. Determination of the optimalperiod of their control is very difficult due to extended time of laying eggs and brood of larvae. Mass brood of larvae of both species takes place at the time when larvae hatched from first laid eggs reached ca. 4 mm length of both species. Both developmental stages indicate an optimal term of leaf beetle control. To improve short-term forecasting and warning system the data on developmental cycles of both species from an egg to larva (ca. 4 mm size), the studies were carried out in the field trails in the Wielkopolska region and some in an environmental growth chamber.
Studies on the development dynamics and the physiological properties of heterotrophic bacteria growing on the surface of the yellow waterlily (Nuphar luteum L.) during the plants’ development cycle were carried out. It was stated that the number of the epiphytic bacteria is different in the examined sections of the plant. The number is higher on bottom parts of petioles and rhizomes but lower on the surface of leaf blades and petioles beneath the leaf blade. The number of the epiphytic bacteria oscillated between 0.54 x 106 and 37.85 x 106 cells per 1g of wet weight of the plant. The gram negative rods dominated among the epiphytic bacteria, the majority of which was slowly growing strains. Among the epiphytic bacteria the most numerous strains were those hydrolyzing fat, starch, and protein; the least numerous were the chitinolytic bacteria.
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