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Destruction processes are hardly identified with regard to farms being peculiar economic entities. The purpose of this paper is an attempt of differentiation between the following terms: divestments and the economic fall of farms. A theoretical analysis was illustrated with mass statistics data showing the scale on which farms in Poland discontinued farming activities and the results of quality research conducted among 50 landowners from the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The analyses presented here allowed to more fully describe the concept of a divestment stressing scope and durability of destructive changes that have been occurring and their planned and intentional nature.
The article presents the results of a test on the resistance of Neolithic waterlogged beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) to destruction by subterranean Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi. Methodology consistent with the ASTM D 3345-08 Standard was applied in the experiment. In the coercion test, the modern beech wood was destroyed at an intermediate stage between light attack and moderate attack with penetration, whereas the pine sapwood was heavily damaged. Under the same conditions, the waterlogged beech wood was seriously damaged or completely destroyed by the termites. However, unlike the modern pine and beech wood, all the termites died after feeding on the waterlogged beech wood. In spite of the complete destruction of the waterlogged beech wood in the coercion test, it seems that under natural conditions where there is a possible choice between different wood species, the infestation by termites of waterlogged wood uncovered in archaeological work does not necessarily happen. Wood containing few nutritional substances and substantial lignin, as well as having a high moisture content facilitating the development of parasitic microorganisms, will deter termites.
The ecohydrodynamic model for the Baltic Sea consists of two interacting parts: one describes the hydrodynamics of the water (3HD), the other organic matter production and destruction (ProDeMo).The results of the simulation were validated.The modelled processes were compared with direct observations, which demonstrated the recurrence of cycles, from the spring diatom blooms through the summer depletion of nutrient salts and algal blooms, to autumn blooms of diatoms and the subsequent destruction of organic matter, and intensified mineralisation of detritus in winter.Ca libration yielded a set of coefficients complementing the algorithm of equations describing the production and destruction of organic matter in the coastal zone.V erification of the model has demonstrated that in multi-year simulations it is stable and also that it follows the laws of conservation of mass and energy.T he third procedural stage of the model investigation was validation, in which statistical measures in the form of bias, correlation coefficients and effectiveness between simulations and observations not used in calibration describe the quality of ecohydrodynamic modelling in southern Baltic Sea waters.
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