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Background. Monitoring public health workforce is one of the essential functions of the public health system. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify the specialities for physicians and dentists related to public health in the years 1951-2013, and analyse of available data on physicians and dentists certified as public health specialists (PHS) in 2003-2015. Material and Methods. The historical analysis covers a relevant regulations of a minister in charge of health. The data on PHS were obtained from the Centre of Medical Exams and included: the number of specialists and their demographic characteristics, professional background, spatial distribution. Density was also calculated. Results. The public health specialty was introduced in 1999. Before there were specialties in disciplines related to public health. In the years of 2003-2015, 360 physicians and dentists were certified as PHS. The majority of them had former background in another discipline, mostly related to clinical medicine. The average age of specialists was 47.2. Currently, the average age of specialists is ca. 57.6 years, with a prevalence of people aged 61-70 years (36.9%). PHS tend to be older than specialists in other disciplines. Over three fourths of PHS were certified in 2004. With the exception of that year, the public health specialist title was annually obtained by an average of 9 persons. The density of PHS in Poland was 0.94 per 100 thousand inhabitants, ranging between 0.16 and 3.12 in a given voivodeship. Conclusions. The analysis has revealed numerous obstacles in estimation of the number of PHS and indicated a lack of relevant mechanisms aimed at workforce development. A relevant policy for developing public health workforce is urgently needed.
The aim of the study was to determine bacterial endotoxin concentration in the water flowing from a high-speed handpiece of a dental unit and in the air contained in the bioaerosol formed during dental conservative treatment. The air was collected in the space between the patient and dentist. The study was conducted on 25 operative sites (units) and had two stages: before application of a dental unit waterline (DUWL) disinfectant and after a 2-week application of disinfection procedure. The research showed that the mean concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the water flowing from high-speed handpieces was significantly reduced after the use of a disinfectant. The mean concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the air was similar at both stages - before and after application of waterline decontamination procedure. The study showed that in dental air-water aerosol, water is the main source of bacterial endotoxin contaminating the aerosol during the work with dental handpieces. Application of a user-friendly water disinfectant to significantly decrease endotoxin concentration in the DUWL water and in the aerosol, is one of recommended methods to reduce health risk.
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