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Decomposition in soil is crucial importance in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning, because soil organic carbon (especially in northern forest ecosystems) is large potential source of CO₂, a greenhouse gas. The stability of the stored carbon under changing climatic conditions has been the subject of recent concern due to the expected climate warming, which is predicted to be most pronounced in northern regions. Temperature is a primarily factor affecting on decomposition processes of organic matter in soils, so temperature response functions are central to models simulating the effects of global warming on the mineralisation of soil carbon pools. The relationship temperature-decomposition rate is complicated, because there are many factors which affect on, for example soil moisture, biogens access for microorganisms and other. There are important and very intensive studied recently problems. Also numerous studies have been specially devoted to soil biota, mainly soil microorganisms.
In her article, the author presents the essence of decomposition of time series on the example of the series of dynamics of retail sales of hard, liquid and gaseous fuels. The time series was corrected by the monthly indicators of seasonality. The values of the indicators of seasonality were determined using the TRAMO/SEATS method. Owing to this method, it was possible to select In a proper way the model that depicts exactly the formation of dynamics of sales in trade in hard, liquid and gaseous fuels over the time. The analysis covered the period from January 2000 to February 2004. Forecasting of both the trend and indicators of seasonality allows for 'elongation' of the series being analysed beyond the range of the sample as well as it enables — what is particularly important in surveys of business condition — achievement of a forecast 'cleansed' of seasonal fluctuations of the time series.
Disturbances occurring in the riverside forest ecosystems also translate into the ability of litter decomposition. Determination of the litter decomposition rate and the changes in its chemical composition in the course of riparian habitat changes was the aim of the study. The study was conducted in 2011 in Jezierzyca River Valley Landscape Park located partly on a floodplain of Oder river (SW Poland). Two riparian forest habitats (Ficario Ulmetum−minoris) were selected for the study: site L (riparian forest), immediately adjacent to the old river bed and site LZ (drying riparian forest), bordering site L on the edge of the floodplain and adjacent to oak−hornbeam forest (Galio sylvatici−Carpinetum betuli) that constituted site G. The study used the method of litter bags. The research material was collected every quarter except for winter, during 2 years. The decomposition rate of organic matter defined by the loss of organic matter, understood as the difference between the previous and the current state. We analyzed content of total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the litter fall. As the result, decomposition occurred the most rapidly in the oak−hornbeam forest community and the slowest in the drying riparian forest. Regardless of the type of forest community rate of decomposition of the fresh organic matter is the highest in winter and spring. The highest content of organic carbon and total nitrogen was observed in the oak−hornbeam forest, slightly lower in the riparian forest, while the lowest in the drying riparian forest. Similarly the content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium was presented. Along with the progressive decomposition, examined material had increased Corg and N content, but reduced C/N ratio. In all analyzed forest communities were found the release of P, K and Mg in the environment, which was the most intense in spring and summer.
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