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Heavy metals in the soils from some regions of the Lublin Province

100%

Mikos-Bielak M.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

In the study, the content of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn in the soils collected from various regions of the Lublin Voivodeship was examined. The examined soils were light medium soils. Content of individual elements was determined by the AAS method in the extracts of 1 M HCl. The analysed soils were poor in copper and manganese. Their concentration and the concentration of lead, cadmium and nickel was in the lower realms of the range natural for light soils formed from sands. Only the content of zinc was fairly high in the above soils, frequently as high as the first degree of contamination.

2

Concentration of zinc and lead in the soil around a non-ferrous metal smelter KGH Boleslaw in Bukowno near Olkusz

84%

Palowski B., Kimsa T., Sierka-Koper E., Ciepal R., Lukasik I.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The objective of the study was to evaluate zinc and lead contamination in the upper, organic layer of the soil around zinc and lead smelting plant KGH "Bolesław" in Bukowno near Olkusz. The study material were samples of the upper layer (0-5 cm) of the soil collected at the distance of 10, 25, 50, 100 150, 200, 250 m, and further from each of the 250 m up to 3 000 m sections in 8 directions: N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW. The most contaminated soil samples were found at the distance of up to about 1 000 m from the subject plant. The most polluted is the NE and SW area. Pollution of the NE area is related to wind direction. The SW area could be a zinc and lead ore outcrop, or else, it was contaminated when used as a dumping ground for the waste from the plant in the past. Heavy pollution of this area with zinc and lead could cause serious damage to living organisms in the area close to the plant.

3

Evaluation of criteria of the extent of soil degradation in the vicinity of workings of open cast brown coal mines situated on the central Polish Lowland

84%

Mocek A., Owczarzak W., Kaczmarek Z.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

In the result of geomechanical transformations associated with the activity of open cast brown coal mining, some changes in air-water relations may occur on arable land adjacent to these regions usually referred to as hvdrological alterations. However, they do not always need to result in soil degradation, i.e. in the deterioration of their production potentials. This will often depend on the distance of fields from the workings, value of the arable land (soil quality class), type of water management, etc. On the basis of long-term studies carried out in the area of operation of two brown coal mines - KWB "Konin" and "Adamów" - on arable land and grasslands of over 60 villages on the total area of 30 thousand hectares it was possible to develop evaluation criteria for the extent of soil degradation and work out principles for compensation payments for farmers. Three zones and appropriate sub-zones of soil susceptibility to drainage were determined and clear and simple criteria for the estimation of the extent of arable land and grassland degradation were worked out. Furthermore, the authors proposed simple and readable systems to calculate compensatory payments to be paid to farmers taking into account the state of soil degradation, value of agricultural land (price of 1 ha of land of appropriate class) and the area of damaged land. The degree of soil degradation, both of arable land and grasslands, ranged from 10 to 30%. In the case of grasslands, additionally, an appropriate sum of money was allocated to compensate for sward recultivation.

4

Effect of platinum ions on the heavy metal ions in loessial soil. Part I: Copper ions

84%

Bojanowska M., Jackowska I.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

Studies on the possibilities of activating heavy metal ions by platinum ions in the soil have been undertaken. The present work gives results of research on the copper ions activated in loessial soil by the treatment with solutions containing platinum ions. Samples of podzolic soil developed from loess were collected from the horizon Ap (0-20 cm). The samples were treated with re-distilled water or with the same quantity of PtCl4 water solutions containing 2, 4, 20 mg of platinum ions. Soil reaction (pH) was measured after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of incubation at 5 and 20 °C temperature. Copper ion content was determined in the filtrates using the technique of atomic absorption spectrometry. The amount of copper ions activated in the soil material depended on the soil reaction, temperature, quantity of platinum ions introduced and the time duration of the experiment.

5

Relations between Pb, Zn, and Cu content in the soil and plants of allotment gardens

84%

Szymona J., Sawicki B.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

Research was carried out in 1998 on the area of 10 allotments situated within the limits of the city of Lublin. Representative soil samples, as well as samples of white cabbage and carrot roots were collected. Content of lead, zinc, and copper were analysed in the samples. On the basis of chemical analysis, it was observed that quantities of lead and zinc were usually higher than average in the same type soils in non-polluted areas. Copper content in the soil did not exceed the average values. The natural content of metals was usually not exceeded in plants. However, samples of white cabbage taken from the "Nasza Zdobycz" and "Sygnał" allotments, where the amount of lead was higher than I mg kg-1 of dry mass were an exception.

6

Concentration of heavy metals in the agricultural soils of the Lublin Region and Poland

84%

Lipinski W., Terelak H., Stuczynski T.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The paper characterises total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn in the surface layers (0-20 cm) of agricultural soils in Poland (48620 soils samples) and Lublin region (3829 soil samples). The results for Lublin region are expressed in terms of the degree of metal pollution as compared to contamination in the rest of the country. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn (in mg kg-1 of soil) in the A horizon of agricultural soils in Poland and in Lublin region (values in parenthesis) are as follows: 0.21 (0.17); 6.5 (4.9); 6.2 (6.6); 13.6 (10.7); 32.4 (23.3). About 79% of the agricultural soils in Poland are characterised by a natural (0°) content of heavy metals while 17.6% contain elevated level (10) of these metals. In the Lublin region it is 91.9% and 6.7%, respectively. About 3% of the Polish soils (1.4% in the Lublin region) exhibit various degrees of contamination with heavy metals. This includes heavy (IV0) and very heavy pollution (V0) which is found in up to 0.4% of the agricultural land and up to 0.2% in the Lublin region.

7

Sulphur and heavy metals content in the soil of meadow ecosystems adjoining the metallurgic plant Huta Katowice as an indicator of environment degradation

84%

Kimsa T., Pawelko K., Ciepal R., Palowski B., Sliwinska-Wyrzychowska A.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The content of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd and S in the upper soil layer of meadow ecosystems surrounding the steelworks "Huta Katowice" was investigated. Sampling plots were located at a different distance and direction from the plant, but in a similar type of meadow community and soil. Spatial and seasonal variability of the investigated elements content was found. Such results indicate that the investigated area was polluted both by that steelworks and by the industrial plants situated in the Industrial Region of Upper Silesia.

8

Level of soil pollution by heavy metals in selected orchards of Wielkopolska

84%

Iwaniszyniec P.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The content of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr was analysed in the soil layers of 0-20 and 21-40 cm originating from four fruit growing farms localised in the area of Wielkopolska. The analyses have shown that the content of all the investigated heavy metals both in the arable soil layer and in the subsoil, was lower than their natural content in the Polish soils. The phenomenon of decreasing Cd, Cu and Pb content, and increasing Ni values in the deeper soil layers as compared to the arable layer was observed.

9

Sulphur content in dandelion [Taraxacum officinale] as an indicator of threat to agroecosystems

84%

Terelak H., Motowicka-Terelak T.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

Dandelion (Taraxacnn officinale) was used in a KBN-supported project focused on the assessment of the extent to which Polish agricultural environment is contaminated with sulphur. Studies were carried out in different regions of the country. Sulphur content in leaves ofthat plant at full blooming varied with the level of sulphur contamination of soil and air. Dandelions from the heavily industrialised areas of the Upper Silesia, Legnica-Głogów Copper Mining District, and the Tarnobrzeg Sulphur Mining District showed high sulphur content and the S content (0.4%) in excess of the threshold value for this species.

10

Heavy metals in the forest soils of the South Podlasie Lowland

84%

Raczuk J.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

Concentration and profile distribution of heavy metals was investigated as contamination indicators of the forest soils formed from glacial deposits of the South Podlasie Lowland. The study was carried out on thirteen soil profiles situated a hundred meters from the road. The highest content of heavy metals was found in the organic horizons of the investigated soils. The mean content of Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr in the investigated soils were: 556.7, 72.9,15.5, 63.5,13.8, 16.5 mg/kg d.m. of the soil, respectively. In the mineral-organic and mineral horizons of the investigated soils heavy metals were present in quantities which were close to natural. The podzol soils, podzols and rusty soils developed from sands contain less heavy metals than the soils lessivés, black earth and deluvial soil. The Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb distribution in the soil profiles is influenced by the soil forming processes. The distribution index of the examined metals distribution in the genetic horizons testify to it.

11

Chorological and conservation status of the endemic cypress, Cupressus atlantica Gaussen, in the High Atlas (Morocco)

67%

Sekiewicz K., Sekiewicz M., Romo A., Didukh Y., Fennane M., Boratynski A.

Dendrobiology

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2014

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tom 71

We present a study of the distribution, ecology and conservation status of Cupressus atlantica, an endemic tree of the High Atlas (Morocco). The main populations of this species grow in a reduced area along the N’Fiss valley in the Central High Atlas and are gradually receding. Particular populations are increasingly fragmented and the total area covered by the cypress woodland has decreased to less than a third of the surface occupied in the 1930s. Overgrazing reduces the woodlands’ regenerative capacity, and the exploitation of the wood, linked to traditional uses by the rural society of the N’Fiss valley, directly reduces the number of trees. Great efforts being made to protect the species by the Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts are having some effect in recent years.

12

Influence of post-sewage waters on relations between exchangeable cations in soils

67%

Dechnik I., Filipek T.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

Research was carried out on the basis of investigations from the years 1996-1998 on the so-called monoliths in the soils derived from loess formations. Properties of those formations were differentiated by landscape and processes of water erosion. It was found out that post-sewage waters (waters received after sewage treatment) from a mechanical-biological sewage treatment plant have a more favourable influence on both the value of acidification indexes and relations between cations in the soils than solid mineral salts.

13

Influence of moisture and Cd addition on the contents of heavy metal soluble forms in soil [pot experiment]

67%

Wisniowska-Kielian B.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

In pot experiments conducted in the plant house, an investigation was carried out upon the influence of soil moisture on the uptake of metals by plants, as well as the contents in soil in their soluble forms. In the experiments, plant species with various abilities for element accumulation were cultivated, and soils with lowered or elevated Cd contents were used. An assessment was carried out in the soils upon the element forms soluble in 1 M dm-3 HCl solution after the plants had been harvested. The amount of elements extracted from the soils after plant harvesting depended on the agronomic category of the soils, their reaction and species of cultivated plants. From light, verv acid soil larger quantities of elements were extracted than from heavy soil both acid and alkaline. After the harvesting of most plant species, soils contained more metals in soluble form in the used extractor. After tobacco cultivation, soils contained the smallest quantity of Cd. Increasing soil moisture raised the amount of metals extracted from the soil, particularly after dicotyledonous plant cultivation. The addition of cadmium usually caused a decrease of metal content in soil extracts on acid soil, but in the alkaline one, its effect on the level of metals was less visible. With the increasing moisture of the soil from a combination with Cd addition, a smaller quantity of metals was extracted, especially after the cultivation of leeks.

14

The pH changes of the soils formed as a result of reclamation of the sand-pits

67%

Drab M., Greinert H.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The alluvial soils in the Bóbr river valley, devastated by sand and gravel exploitation, were reclaimed for agricultural use. After reclamation treatment, the newly formed soil was very acid. Application of 5 Mg/ha lime elevated soil pH to 6-7, but during the following years, soil pH dropped again by about one half of the pH unit a year. Rapid drop in the pH level can result both from geological and soil-forming processes. Efficiency of mineral fertilizers applied in various combinations did not give the expected results and the yield of cultivated plants was not satisfactory. Mineral fertilization in various combinations did not result in the expected yield levels.

15

Effect of soil contamination with heavy metal ions on the harmful and useful entomofauna of broad beans

67%

Jaworska M., Gospodarek J.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

Influence of some selected heavy metals applied into soil as water salt solutions (2 mg Cd, 30 mg Cu, 15 mg Ni, 80 mg Pb and 70 mg Zn/kg soil d.m.) on the growth and development of broad beans and on occurrence of harmful and beneficial insects on the plant was investigated in field conditions. The applied doses of soil contamination with heavy metals strongly affected broad beans development. Plants were characterised by a significantly lower number and length of shoots and a lesser number of pods per plant as compared to the control. Chemical analysis of individual parts of plant revealed big differences in heavy metal contents in roots of plants in contaminated soil as compared to control soil with natural contents of metal ions. In the above ground parts, i.e. leaves and shoots the differences were considerably smaller. Numbers of beetroot aphids were determined on the selected plants since its appearance to the end of its development. Simultaneously, occupation of aphid colony by predators: ladybirds, Syrphidae and Chrysophidae larvae was also assessed. The number of plants occupied by aphids at each plot was also estimated. Aphids on plants in soil with increased metal contents formed more numerous colonies, also the insects invaded a bigger number of plants. Ladybird larvae, predators for aphids, occurred in more numerous colonies on plants in contaminated soil. The numbers of other aphid predators: Syrphidae and Chrysophidae larvae did not reveal statistically significant differences.

16

Content of Cu, Zn and Mn in the eroded soils of a small arable-forest catchment of West Pomerania [The Chojna District]

67%

Chudecka J.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The aim of this paper was to assess differentiation in the total content of Cu, Zn and Mn under the influence of water erosion. The present author investigated parent material, eroded soils and delluvial sediments of a small arable-forest catchment of the moraine zone in West Pomerania. The average content of heavy metals in the parent rock (boulder light loam) were assumed as geochemical backgrounds of Cu, Zn and Mn. It was found out that erosion process caused differentiation in heavy metals. Zinc was the most mobile in this transportation; Mn was not sensitive to it. Delluvial sediments from arable (drainage) depressions had a clearly lower content of Cu and Zn than the parent material. It was also noted that Cu and Zn content in the forest area was lower than in the arable area of a similar relief and soil composition. Mn content was always higher in the arable soils. Soil-forming processes influenced differentiation of heavy metals in the vertical soil profile. The humus and Bt horizons (accumulation of silicate clay) were enriched with heavy metals. A decrease of heavy metal content was noticed in the eluvial horizon (Eet - outwash of silicate clay). The humus horizon of the investigated soil had, a natural (not increased) content of Cu, Zn and Mn.

17

Heavy metals in soils subjected to industrial emission in the Stalowa Wola Region

67%

Mikos-Bielak M.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The content of Cd Pb, Ni, Co, Cu, Zu and Mn was analysed in 54 soil samples collected at 8 experimental sites in the Stalowa Wola region. The soils examined were characterized by an increased concentration of zinc and manganese. The concentrations of those remaining elements determined, could be reported as being low.

18

Heavy metals phytoavailability in the soils of the ecologically endangered regions in the Province of Tarnow

67%

Gambus F., Rak M., Wieczorek J.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

The present paper reviews content and phytoavailability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the soils of seven selected regions in the former Tarnów province, considered to be particularly endangered by contamination by these metals. One hundred soil samples were collected, 50 from the 0-10 cm layer and 50 from the 40-50 cm layer and mixed meadow sward from the same places. Most of the examined soil samples had a natural heavy metal content with the exception of a few samples containing higher amounts of Cd, Ni, and Zn. A strong correlation between heavy metal content and soil sorptive capacity and the organic matter content and the level of soil fraction with particle diameter of <0.02 and <0.002 mm was observed. Analysis of heavy metals in plants revealed that the limit values of Cd and Zn content were exceeded only occasionally together with reduced fodder quality of the investigated sward.

19

Cadmium and nickel contents in Helianthus tuberosus L. tubers

67%

Sawicka B.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

This study was based on tuber samples from the field experiment in 1996-1998 on weak loamy sand soil in a system of randomised sub-blocks. The experimental factors were: ways of nursery and varieties (Swojecka, Kulista Czerwona IHAR, Kulista Biała IHAR). Herbicide application elevated both cadmium and nickel contents in Helianthus tubers as compared to control. Tubers of Swojecka Czerwona cv. were characterised by the lowest accumulation of cadmium and nickel, those of Kulista Czerwona IHAR cv. by the highest content of nickel, and those of Kulista Biała IHAR by the highest level of cadmium.

20

Microelement contents in arable soils of the Upper Silesia

67%

Jasiewicz C., Sendor R.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 51

In the present paper arable soils of the Upper Silesia were evaluated as to copper, zinc, manganese and iron contents, determined in the same extract, i.e. 1 M dm-3 HCl. The studies comprised 20 points in the vicinity of Sosnowiec and 20 points from near Zawiercie. Soil abundance in the available forms of microelements was assessed on the basis of the limiting numbers suggested by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation. Soils of Zawiercie and Sosnowiec belonged to those with high contents of zinc in all the cases; in the majority of objects these were the soils with medium contents of copper and manganese. In half of the cases, the soils were classified as possessing low iron content, and in the remaining half as having medium iron content.

Ograniczanie wyników

Heavy metals in the soils from some regions of the Lublin Province

Concentration of zinc and lead in the soil around a non-ferrous metal smelter KGH Boleslaw in Bukowno near Olkusz

Evaluation of criteria of the extent of soil degradation in the vicinity of workings of open cast brown coal mines situated on the central Polish Lowland

Effect of platinum ions on the heavy metal ions in loessial soil. Part I: Copper ions

Relations between Pb, Zn, and Cu content in the soil and plants of allotment gardens

Concentration of heavy metals in the agricultural soils of the Lublin Region and Poland

Sulphur and heavy metals content in the soil of meadow ecosystems adjoining the metallurgic plant Huta Katowice as an indicator of environment degradation

Level of soil pollution by heavy metals in selected orchards of Wielkopolska

Sulphur content in dandelion [Taraxacum officinale] as an indicator of threat to agroecosystems

Heavy metals in the forest soils of the South Podlasie Lowland

Chorological and conservation status of the endemic cypress, Cupressus atlantica Gaussen, in the High Atlas (Morocco)

Influence of post-sewage waters on relations between exchangeable cations in soils

Influence of moisture and Cd addition on the contents of heavy metal soluble forms in soil [pot experiment]

The pH changes of the soils formed as a result of reclamation of the sand-pits

Effect of soil contamination with heavy metal ions on the harmful and useful entomofauna of broad beans

Content of Cu, Zn and Mn in the eroded soils of a small arable-forest catchment of West Pomerania [The Chojna District]

Heavy metals in soils subjected to industrial emission in the Stalowa Wola Region

Heavy metals phytoavailability in the soils of the ecologically endangered regions in the Province of Tarnow

Cadmium and nickel contents in Helianthus tuberosus L. tubers

Microelement contents in arable soils of the Upper Silesia