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Telejko E., Maćkowiak J. and Wiśniewski K.: The effect of collagen degradation products (CDP) on the central dopaminergic system. Acta Physiol. Pol. The effect of collagen degradation products (CDP I - molecular weight circa 3000 D and CDP II - molecular weight circa 1200 D) on the central dopaminergic system was studied. Differences in the action of both these fractions in the apomorphine stereotypy test were noted; CDP I administered to rats in a dose of 5 µg just before application of the drug inducing the stereotypy enhanced the stereotypic behaviour of the animals whereas a dose of µg40 significantly inhibited such behaviour. CDP II, on the other hand, had no effect on this type of stereotypy. Both fractions given in doses of 15 and 40 µg enhanced the stereotypy induced by amphetamine. CDP I and CDP II (15 and 40 µg) administered 30 min before observation of the animals intensified the cataleptic action of haloperidol, whereas both fractions (CDP I and CDP II) when administered 45 min before observation reduced the catalepsy.
Over-activation of the fibrinolytic system may result in proteolytic destruction of fibrinogen. However, the effect of the degradation products formed during fibrinogenolysis on fibrinolytic process and plasminogen/plasmin properties remains unclear. To investigate this effect and its mechanism, the ability of fibrinogen fragments E and D to act on plasminogen and tPA binding, proenzyme activation, fibrin clot lysis and plasmin inhibition by plasma α2-antiplasmin, were studied. It was found that early product fragment EE binds to plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator and enhances plasminogen conversion into plasmin. C-terminal lysine residues of all 3 chains pair and 16 or 23 amino acid residues of Aα- chain are essential for this process. C-terminal lysines of fragment E Aα- and γ-chains and lysine-binding site of tPA kringle 2 are responsible for the interaction between these proteins. Binding of fragment E to plasminogen is provided by N-terminal Aα1–19 and C-terminal Bβ120–122 regions. Late plasmic fibrinogen degradation product fragment EL loses the ability to potentiate plasmin generation but can bind proenzyme and its activator. Fragment D has no binding properties towards plasminogen and tPA. None of fibrinogen fragments protects plasmin from α2-antiplasmin inhibition. It is concluded that at over-activation of the fibrinolytic system and subsequent fibrinogenolysis, the products of fibrinogen degradation, can bind plasminogen and tPA and potentiate generation of plasmin, which will be neutralized under the normal level of the plasmin inhibitor.
Compounds characterized by a slow degradation rate in the environment, i.e. resistant to biodegradation, and photolysis processes, are classified as persistent and have often been considered as potential environmental problems. A more exacting approach recognizes that a compound released to the environment has a tendency to accumulate in one medium more than in others. Hence, partitioning, transport, and transformation rates of any particular compound will differ in each medium. Degradation processes in the dominant medium (where the compound is preferentially accumulated) are expected to have more effect on overall persistence of the measured compound than degradation processes in the other media. Photodegradation and biodegradation are the degradation processes which can naturaly clean up the environment. Biodegradation is expected to be the major mechanism of loss for most chemicals released into the environment. In this study, photodegradation and biodegradation processes of selected organic pollutants in different media have been reviewed.
All chemical compounds may undergo a variety of processes resulting from chemical, biological or photochemical reactions. Depending on the environmental compartment in which organic compounds are present (e.g. soil, benthic sediments, surface and ground waters), they can undergo slow changes resulting from different chemical, physical, biological or photochemical processes. The problem of intermediate products that form during the degradation of substances, the toxicity of substances that are the products of organic compounds degradation, and the ways to identify such substances are discussed.
The study aimed at determining and comparing the levels of degradation products of nucleic acids and fermentation yield of apple wines fermented with stimulators obtained from sedimented wine yeast. It was demonstrated that increasing doses of yeast autolysate added to wine pitching resulted in an elevated concentration of purine bases (adenine and guanine), pyrimidine bases (thymine, cytosine, uracil), and uric acid. Compared to the control sample fermented only with diammonium phosphate, the samples fermented with autolysate applied at a dose of 4.5 g/L pitching (100 mg/L when converted into α-amino acid nitrogen) were characterised by twice as high concentrations of purine and pyrimidine bases and uric acid. The total content of those compounds did not exceed 11.4 mg/L of wine.
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