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One of the problems in an HPLC laboratory is the preservation of samples and extracts prior to analysis without any changes. It has been found that degradation processes cannot be eliminated entirely, but they can be slowed down considerably. Photodegradation kinetics of fluorene, anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene were studied in various organic solvents. Solvents known as good media to store PAHs for a long time were selected with respect to avoid degradation. In the case of fluorene, 9-fluorenone and 9-hydroxyfluorene were detected as main photoproducts. Formation of anthraquinone and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone during the degradation of anthracene was observed. Benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol and one of the isomers of hydroxy-BaP-dione as products of benzo(a)pyrene photodegradation have been identified.
This paper, on the basis of a 5-year study (1996-2000), attempts to answer the following question: do the changes in enzymatic activity observed in an apple-tree orchard at a prolonged (20-year) application of triazine herbicides indicate the degradation processes in soil? In the soil of herbicide-triggered fallow land, the activity of the enzymes under scrutiny was subject to a significant inhibition. Among the enzymes analyzed, the activity of phosphatases was the most sensitive indicator for soil contamination with triazine herbicides. In the light of the obtained results, the criticism of the application of triazine herbicides in orchard-related cultivation is justified. It is recommended that they be replaced with other methods of weed control. However, that requires further research into the activity of enzymes for other types of soils used intensively for orchard-related purposes.
The estimation of environmental degradability of different ramie fibre reinforced biocomposites in Baltic Sea water and in compost with activated sludge under natural conditions is the subject of this paper. The characteristic parameters of environments were monitored during incubation time and their influence on the rate of degradation of biocomposites was discussed. The degradation processes of two kinds of biocomposites, ramie fibre/Ecoflex® and ramie fibre/cellulose nanofibre reinforced corn starch resin, were studied by macro- and microscopic observations of polymer surfaces, changes of weight, and tensile strength during incubation under natural conditions. The macro and microscopic observations and weight changes confirmed the decrease of the tensile strength both of the composites after incubation in compost and in sea water. It was demonstrated that the biocomposites with natural fibre of ramie were degraded in compost faster than in sea water, due to different microbial communities. The ramie/Ecoflex® biocomposite was degraded more distinctly than ramie/cellulose nanofibre reinforced corn starch resin biocomposite in both natural environments.
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