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A modern naturalist/ecologist perceives in the surrounding world many relationships that determine life-possibilities in nature, the effects of single components of the landscape on others. These are relationships between geomorphological and geological surface forms, climatic conditions, the water cycle and the distribution of various communities of life. The presence of game depends on the spatial arrangement of various ecosystems as well as on technical infrastructure in the area. There is a close correlation between the visual and functional values of an area: a beautiful area is at the same time valuable to wildlife. The area which is to be suitable for breeding wildlife should be diverse internally, wildlife has to be able to move about freely, and at least part of the area should be free of strong human impact. The world convention on the protection of biological diversity, adopted in Rio de Janeiro, also regards protecting the internal diversity of landscapes as a precondition for the existence of any life. Game animals are part of this diversity, its abundance and beauty.
Mistakes made during meadow management, especially a lack of crop cultivation and reducing of mineral fertilization are the reasons for simplification and often degradation of species composition on meadow sward. It is not only the cause of yield decrease but also sod looseness and as a consequence, soil habitat degradation. Various reseeding techniques are the means for its improvement. In our study carried out on smooth-stalked meadow situated on peat-rot soil, the best results were obtained for objects pre-sown after cultivation in the traditional way, i.e. using rototiller. On the objects that were oversown using special sowing machines (slotted or groove types), good results were obtained after strong weakening the competitiveness of the old sward using Roundup spraying. In high humidity conditions, Reglone spraying or the lack of it caused fast regeneration of Poa pratensis var. angustifolia that made impossible to develop the oversown species.
Aura
|
1996
|
nr 03
10-12
Many areas which require improvement or betterment can be found all over Poland. They include areas growing in an uncontrolled way, such as the rural boundaries of big cities urbanised without any plan; their chaotic development results in degradation of natural and cultural landscape followed by depreciation of the social and economic space. On the other hand, there are areas affected by depopulation. The author discusses the reasons for these phenomena and considers methods of controlling urbanisation which would benefit the environment.
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