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The mechanical properties are among the most important indicators of the quality of food. They are the most important criteria for acceptance of the raw material by the consumer. Texture of fruits and vegetables is affected by the drying process – closely related to the composition and structure of cell walls – and its parameters. Research material for the study was strawberries of the variety SengaSengana. Axial shrinkage in the vertical plane was determined by linear measurements for 4 strawberries before drying and for the same strawberries after drying, using an electronic caliper. The mechanical properties of dried strawberries were analysed by compression tests (compression curves and maximum compression force). The test was carried out on texture analyser TA-TX2 2i (Stable Micro Systems). In this paper three methods of strawberry drying: convection, vacuum, convectionvacuum in various temperatures are presented. It was found that the largest shrinkage appears in convection drying and the lowest in vacuum drying. Increase of vacuum and convection drying temperature caused lower shrinkage. The curves of maximum compression and the compressive force showed that convection dried strawberries and convectionvacuum dried strawberries are more crisp and hard than strawberries dried by the convection method which are characterised by the lowest values of compression force.
The material were raw or defrosted strawberries of Senga Sengana variety with the diameter of 26-30 mm. Fruits were dried for 16 hours at the temperature of 60°C under constant or variable conditions considering level of pressure. Pressure during the drying process was on a fixed level of: 5, 10 and 15 kPa or a change of pressure was introduced among extreme values. Shrinkage of strawberries was examined with the use of two methods: the volumetric method and measurement of linear dimensions in horizontal and vertical space. Shrinkage obtained under the fixed pressure level was greater for higher values in the drying chamber. Horizontal linear shrinkage of dried fruit was always lower than vertical linear shrinkage. For dried strawberries volumetric shrinkage obtained for defrosted fruits after vacuum drying under variable pressures did not reveal clear differences between respective values of shrinkage. The lowest level of pressure (5 kPa), applied in any phase of vacuum drying under variable pressure, caused a shrinkage decrease in comparison to drying shrinkage after processes under other fixed pressure.
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