Wyniki wyszukiwania

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Impact of deforestation on water chemistry in the western Tatras and Beskid Slaski range in the Polish Carpathians

100%

Kosmowska A., Zelazny M., Malek S., Stanczyk T.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 3

The article describes the research into the impact of deforestation on the values of physicochemical traits and chemical composition of waters which drain the catchments covered with forest, and those that have been deforested, in the western part of Polish Carpathians. The research was carried out in independent catchments in the Skrzyczne massif in the Beski Śląski (Silesian Beskidy Range) in 2013–2014, and in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in 2015–2016. During field studies, water samples were collected monthly in catchments with various degrees of deforestation, and the physicochemical characteristics of water were measured (pH, PEW, Tw). In the laboratory, the chemical composition of water, specifically the content of 14 ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Li⁺, HCO₃⁻ , SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, NO2 ⁻, NO₃⁻ , PO₄³⁻ , Br⁻, F⁻), was determined by means of ion chromatography (DIONEX 2000). The conducted research has shown the impact of deforestation on the value of physical and chemical traits and chemical composition of water. Deforestation of the slopes caused changes in the structure of the chemical composition of water, especially in the area of correlations between anions. In the Tatras, in the basins deforested as a result of windfall, a significant increase in the proportion of NO₃⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) in the anionic element of the chemical composition of water was observed, and in the Beskid Śląski, in catchments deforested due to the tree stand decay associated with the imission of pollutants, a significant increase in SO₄²⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) and a significant decrease in HCO₃⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) in the anionic structure of the chemical composition of waters was observed. These examples document the extremely important role played by forests, which cover mountain slopes, in the hydrochemical functioning of the catchment. In the spatial aspect, there is an unusual phenomenon of hydrochemical mosaicism consisting in the occurrence of different relationships between anions, especially hydrogen carbonates, sulphates and nitrates.

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Effect of deforestation on water chemistry in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in southern Poland

100%

Zelazny M., Kosmowska A., Stanczyk T., Mickiewicz M.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2017

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tom 49

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nr 3

3

Population, poverty and pollution in Cubatao, Sao Paulo

100%

Hogan D. J.

Geographia Polonica

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1995

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tom 64

4

Effects of deforestation on structure and diversity of small mammal communities in the Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mts [Czech Republic]

84%

Bryja J., Heroldova M., Zejda J.

Acta Theriologica

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2002

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tom 47

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nr 3

During 1970s and 1980s, a large area of mountains in the Czech Republic was influenced by long-term industrial air pollution. Among the most degraded areas were the peaks of the Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mts, where vast clearings resulted from emissions and subsequent forest destruction. This study is aimed at determining the degree of deforestation that is necessary to cause changes in structure and species diversity of small mammal communities that were observed previously. Communities of rodents and insectivores were monitored for a minimum of 3 years at two mountain ranges of the Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mts (Czech Republic) by standard mouse snap-traps. The localities (Smrk and Knehyne) differ by the degree of human disturbance. Clearings on Smrk Mt are very large (> 30 ha) with no remaining original forest growth as a result of intensive air pollution, unlike the same habitat type at Knehyne Mt, where the clearings are minor (< 3 ha) and contain living solitary trees. Structure and diversity of small mammal communities in clearings were compared with those from original forests and other mountain habitats. Communities of small mammals at clearings in Smrk Mt (with dominating Microtus agrestis) are structurally very different from all other habitats, while structure of communities at Knehyne clearings are very similar to those of original mountain forest (Complete linkage clustering based on Renkonen index). The community of the original mountain spruce forest at Knehyne had the highest species diversity (according to Shannon-Weaver, Brillouin, and Simpson indices, Shannon evenness, and rarefaction), while species diversity at clearings of Smrk was the lowest. Shannon diversity of community at Knehyne primeval forest is similar to that of Knehyne clearings, while at Smrk Mt the forest diversity is higher than that of clearings. The species diversity of mountain forest and clearings at Knehyne Mt was significantly higher than that in the same habitats at Smrk Mt. Our results obtained in disturbed habitats at Knehyne and Smrk Mts suggest that the degree of deforestation may influence the presence and/or the degree of community changes. If the forest destruction is relatively small (clearings < 3 ha), the structure and diversity of small mammal communities do not differ from those of original forest.

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Deforestation and its impacts on climate change an overview of Pakistan

67%

Ali A., Riaz S., Iqbal S.

Papers on Global Change

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2014

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nr 21

Forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of CO2 of an area. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization there is a significant increase in deforestation and as a consequence rise in global mean surface temperatures. Rapid and unchecked cut down of forest cover has resulted in some of the worst disasters during the last decades. This paper focuses on studying the role of deforestation, its influence on climate change phenomena and its consequences in Pakistan.

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Climate change: causes, effects and the need for science education for sustainable development

67%

Nwona H. A.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2013

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tom 04

The world we live in has witnessed some drastic environmental imbalance in recent times. These imbalances have threatened sustainable development- which is the ultimate goal of man-environment relationship. This paper reviews the causes and effects of climate change on man and his environment with a view to using science education to solve the problems posed by climate change. Literature shows that climate change results mainly from human activities such as rapid deforestation for agricultural and industrial purposes, carbon dioxide emission from fossil fuel burning, carbon dioxide emission from burning gasoline for transportation, usage of chemical fertilizers on croplands and methane emission from animals, agriculture and arctic sea beds. The consequences of these activities include global warming, ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect, rising sea level and acid rain. It is recommended here that the whole educational process be re-packaged to emphasize science education as a panacea for sustainable development. The argument here is that the educational institutions are the best media for the inculcation of proper morals and values. It is also recommended that teacher education programmes should allocate more funds to research in, and teaching of science in schools.

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Natural and human impact on land use change of the Sikkimese-Bhutanese Himalayan piedmont, India

67%

Prokop P., Sarkar S.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2012

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tom 31

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nr 3

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Conceptual framework for the analysis of riparian influences on fish and invertebrate assemblages

67%

Wootton R. J., Gee J. H. R.

International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology

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2001

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tom 01

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nr 1-2

The paper questions the usefulness of the static concept of the habitat as a templet in analyses of the influence of the riparian environment on the dynamics of riverine fish assemblages. Studies on the effect of deforestation on the water quality and invertebrate assemblages in upland streams in mid-Wales found that changes in the nature of the riparian habitat caused by logging had relatively few unambiguous effects. A 22 years study of the population dynamics of a short-lived species, Gasterosteus aculeatus, inhabitating a backwater of a small river in west Wales, found that population characteristics were relatively stable although the study included periods of record drought and irregular episodes of flooding. The literature relating riparian characteristics to fish assemblages also illustrates the weakness of the the static "habitat as templet" model. A more dynamic concept is required. Life histories can be viewed as sampling devices through which the habitats available can be explored and utilised by fish. Models should direct attention to the extent to which the biological characteristics of species based on the phenotypes of individuals in the species populations define the interactions between the riparian environment and the riverine invertebrate and fish assemblages. The emphasis needs to shift to quantitative effects of riparian influences on the movement, growth, mortality and reproduction of individuals in riverine populations.

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Use of an ecohydrology model to predict the impact on the Serengeti ecosystem of deforestation, irrigation and the proposed Amala Weir Water Diversion Project in Kenya

67%

Gereta E., Wolanski E., Borner M., Serneels S.

International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology

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2002

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tom 02

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nr 1-4

The Mara River catchment is the dry weather refuge for more than one million migrating wildebeest and zebras of the Serengeti ecosystem. The river flow is affected by developments in Kenya, including deforestation and water diversion for irrigation and the proposed Ewaso Ng’iro (South) Hydropower Project. An ecohydrology model was used to predict the likely impact of these developments on the Serengeti ecosystem. The model was forced by observed monthly rainfall in the period 1900-2000 and calibrated against observations of the number of wildebeest and lions also in the period 1960-1999. The projects are predicted to have little effect on the number of migrating wildebeest in the Serengeti until a drought occurs; historically a drought occurs about every seven years. At that time 20 to 80% of the migrating wildebeest may die, according to the severity and duration of the drought. With a 50% die-off, it may take twenty years for the population to recover; with an 80% die-off there may be no population recovery. In practice the economic benefits would go to Kenya while Tanzania would suffer the economic costs, eg the negative impact on the tourism industry. To ensure sustainable development for both Kenya and Tanzania, a transboundary Mara River management plan needs to be implemented and be compatible with ecohydrology principles for the sustainable use of aquatic resources.

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Distribution of small mammals along a deforestation gradient in southern Gansu, central China

67%

Giraudoux P., Quere J. P., Delattre P., Bao G., Wang X., Shi D., Vuitton D., Craig P. S.

Acta Theriologica

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1998

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tom 43

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nr 4

Small mammals were surveyed along a deforestation gradient in southern Gansu, China (2300-2600 m altitude), a high endemicity area for human alveolar echinococcosis. Rodent distribution was assessed using removal trapping in six habitat types from timbered forest to farmland and villages, by index transects, and by the collection of specimens by local people, Species captured were 2 shrews: Anourosorex squamipes, Sorex sinalis-, 12 rodents: Eozapus setchuanus, Microtus limnophilus, Cricetulus long/- caudatus, Tscherskia triton, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus draco, Apodemus penin- sulae, Micromys minutus, Mus muscitlus, Rattus noruegicus, Niviventer confucianus, Myospalax fontanieri\ and 1 lagomorph Ockotona thibetana. On the basis of trap success four rodent assemblages were recognized. Species richness decreases after deforestation, especially in the intermediate stage (scrubland-grassland).

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Indiscriminate devegetation under improper farming system: a root cause for surface and underground water and food crisis in Ethiopia

59%

Jiru D.

International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology

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2010

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tom 10

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nr 2-4

Deforestation has caused surface and underground water imbalance in the hydrologic cycle followed by subsequent food, feed and wood productivity crisis. This paper reviews the role of traditional farming systems in wet and dry agroecology. It further compares it with existing improper farming practice, which productivity is examined from agroecology based climatic and edaphic perspective. Experiments were carried out to determine the amount of rainfall intercepted by dominant trees on farm, namely by Cordia africana, Afrocarpus falcatus, Millettia ferruginea, Juniperus procera, Syzygium guineense, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Acacia albida, Albizia gummifera and Moringa stenopetala. Deep rooted trees planted on farms are found to be sources of feed, food and moisture conservers, that sustain and boost production in moisture scarce agriculture. Under irrigation they are found to be good for salinity protection and marginal land reclamation. Soil infiltration data from secondary sources were examined for cultivated area, wood land and open overgrazed pasture in central Rift Valley. The relative infiltration rates are highest for grasslands. This research work is intended to initiate interdisciplinary networking approach in water and natural resource conservation, proper land use potential development and environmental sustainability.

Ograniczanie wyników

Impact of deforestation on water chemistry in the western Tatras and Beskid Slaski range in the Polish Carpathians

Effect of deforestation on water chemistry in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in southern Poland

Population, poverty and pollution in Cubatao, Sao Paulo

Effects of deforestation on structure and diversity of small mammal communities in the Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mts [Czech Republic]

Deforestation and its impacts on climate change an overview of Pakistan

Climate change: causes, effects and the need for science education for sustainable development

Natural and human impact on land use change of the Sikkimese-Bhutanese Himalayan piedmont, India

Conceptual framework for the analysis of riparian influences on fish and invertebrate assemblages

Use of an ecohydrology model to predict the impact on the Serengeti ecosystem of deforestation, irrigation and the proposed Amala Weir Water Diversion Project in Kenya

Distribution of small mammals along a deforestation gradient in southern Gansu, central China

Indiscriminate devegetation under improper farming system: a root cause for surface and underground water and food crisis in Ethiopia