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Evaluation of resistance and the role of some defense responses in wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight

100%

Khaledi N., Taheri P., Falahati-Rastegar M.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2017

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tom 57

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nr 4

Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops worldwide. Application of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic method for management of FHB and reducing mycotoxin production in wheat. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in basal resistance of wheat to FHB disease is limited. In this research, after screening resistance levels of eighteen wheat cultivars planted in Iran, Gaskozhen and Falat were identified as partially resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars against Fusarium spp., respectively. Also, we investigated the role of hydroxyl radical (OH−), nitric oxide (NO), callose deposition, lipid peroxidation and protein content in basal resistance of wheat to the hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic Fusarium species causing FHB. Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule may be involved in physiological and defensive processes in plants. Our results showed that NO generation increased in seedlings and spikes of wheat cultivars after inoculation with Fusarium species. We observed earlier and stronger callose deposition at early time points after infection by Fusarium spp. isolates than in non-infected plants, which was positively related to the resistance levels in wheat cultivars. Higher levels of OH− and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) were observed in the Falat than in the Gaskozhen cultivar, under non-infected and infected conditions. So, estimation of lipid peroxidation could be useful to evaluate cultivars’ susceptibility. These findings can provide novel insights for better recognition of physiological and biochemical markers of FHB resistance, which could be used for rapid screening of resistance levels in wheat cultivars against this destructive fungal disease.

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PsbS is required for local and systemic integration of the photosystem II quantum-molecular functions with foliar heat dynamics, acclimatory and defense responses in Arabidopsis

100%

Kulasek M., Ciszak K., Barczak A., Grzelak J., Mackowski S., Karpinski S.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2013

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tom 94

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nr 3

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Function of S-nitrosoglutathione in NPR1-dependent defence response

100%

Kovacs I., Wirtz M., Lindermayr C.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2013

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tom 94

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nr 2

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Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence response

100%

Wojtaszek P.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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1997

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tom 19

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nr 4

Recent data indicate that plants, in a manner similar to the situation found in mammalian phagocytotic cells, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to pathogen infection. This reaction could be very quick when using pre-existing, usually exocellular, components and/or, when biochemical machinery of the cell is activated, relatively late and long-lasting. The oxidative burst is defined as a rapid, transient production of high levels of ROS in response to external stimuli. Two major models depicting the origin of ROS in the oxidative burst are described, namely: the NADPH oxidase system and the pH-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide by exocellular peroxidases. Additionally, the participation of exocellular ROS-generating enzymes, like germin-like oxalate oxidases and amine oxidases, in plant defence response is demonstrated. The involvement of protoplasmic ROS-generating systems is also indicated.

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Effect of Medicago sativa Mhb1 gene expression on defense response of Arabidopsis thaliana plants

80%

Maassen A., Hennig J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2011

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tom 58

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nr 3

Besides the previouly described nitric oxide-detoxification activity we identified new features of class-1 non-symbiotic hemoglobin from Medicago sativa (Mhb1). Under in vitro conditions, using peroxidase in-gel activity assay, the Mhb1 protein was shown to possess also peroxidase-like activity. Due to this activity, in the presence of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide, the protein can mediate autonitration and nitration of other proteins at tyrosine residues, as revealed by tandem mass spectrometry and immune assay approaches. Mhb1 through its multifunctional activities can affect different components of signal transduction cascades operating during plant response to infections. This influence is manifested by Mhb1-mediated selective up-regulation of expression of certain pathogen inducible genes in Pseudomonas syringae infected Arabidopsis thaliana plants which overproduce Mhb1, as revealed by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Changes in expression level of these genes can influence such processes as synthesis of secondary metabolites, protein degradation and biosynthesis of ethylene. They can also result in alteration of pathogen-induced defense response of Mhb1 transgenic plants.

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Rola kwasu jasmonowego i jego estru metylowego w indukowaniu mechanizmow obronnych roslin przeciwko owadom

80%

Czapski J.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1997

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tom 37

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nr 1

317-322

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Control of postharvest decay of apple fruit with Trichoderma virens isolates and induction of defense responses

80%

Bordbar F. T., Etebarian H. R., Sahebani N., Rohani H.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 2

146-152

The biocontrol activity of two isolates of Trichoderma virens against blue mould of apple fruits caused by Penicillium expansum and their ability to induce biochemical defense responses in apple tissue were investigated. Apple fruit (Malus domestica) wounds were inoculated with 20μl antagonist suspension (107 conidia/ml) of T. virens and 4 h later with 20 μl of conidial suspension of P. expansum (105 conidia/ml). The apples were then incubated at 20°C for 8 days. Lesion diameters were measured 4 and 8 days after inoculation with the pathogen. Two isolates of T. virens were effective in controlling decay of apple fruits caused by P. expansum. Six days after treatment peroxidase activity increased by more than three-fold in apple treated fruit in combination of antagonist and pathogen, in comparison with in wounded, non-inoculated control tissue. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in inoculated fruits in combination of T. virens and P. expansum in comparison with healthy control at all days and maximum activity level was noted at 6 days after inoculation. The results indicated that T6 and T8 isolates of T. virens caused the increase in β-1,3-glucanase activity that reached maximum levels 4 and 6 days after inoculation with pathogen, respectively. The increase in β-1,3-glucanase activity was triggered by wounding although the level of increase was markedly lower than detected in treated fruits. Phenolic compounds accumulation showed the highest levels 2-4 days after inoculation and then decreased. The ability of T. virens to increase the activity of peroxidase, catalase, β-1,3-glucanase and levels of phenolic compounds may be one of mechanisms responsible for its biocontrol activity.

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Involvement of ascorbate, glutathione and protein S-thiolation in benzothiadiazole-inducible defense response of cucumber against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans

80%

Kuzniak E., Kopczewski T., Glowacki R., Chwatko G., Gajewska E., Wielanek M., Sklodowska M.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2013

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tom 94

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nr 3

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The accumulation of SA- and JA-signaling pathways in the response of Glycine max cv. “Nam Dan” to infestation by Aphis craccivora

80%

Tran N. T., Tran T. T. H., Do N. D., Mai V. C.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2017

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tom 57

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nr 4

Phytohormones function as signal molecules that regulate physiological processes to protect plants from environmental stresses, including aphids’ attack. We studied the pattern within the defense mechanisms of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. “Nam Dan”] regarding the signaling pathways of salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) in response to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch). With infestation by cowpea aphid, SA was the first to accumulate and reached high levels 24 hours post-infestation (hpi). An accumulation of SA in the early response of soybean probably triggers inducible specific defense reactions. Following SA, JA was later induced and continuously increased to high levels 96 hpi. An accumulation of JA in the later response may be a critical step in the signaling of the downstream defense cascade. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) and benzoic acid 2-hydroylase (BA2H), enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of SA, and lipoxygenase (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12), an important enzyme in the JA biosynthesis pathway, were also induced by cowpea aphid. The changes in the enzymatic activity of PAL, BA2H and LOX, and expression of gene encoding PAL were closely associated with the accumulation of endogenous SA and JA, respectively. The variations in the levels of these defense-related compounds were strongly connected with density and the duration of cowpea aphid infestation. Different accumulations of SA- and JA-signaling pathways may contribute to a coordinated regulation leading to the formation of resistant lines in the defense mechanisms of G. max cv. “Nam Dan” against A. craccivora.

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Redox homeostasis and antioxidants: Roles for ascorbate and glutathione in plant growth and defence responses

80%

Foyer C. H.

Biological Letters

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2005

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tom 42

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nr 2 Spec.Vol.

11

Resistance mechanisms of winter cereals and forage grasses to snow mould fungi

61%

Marzec K., Plazek A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2008

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tom 524

Winter survival of cereals and grasses depends mainly on plant resistance to low temperature and to snow mould fungi. To persist winter plants have to be tolerant to different kind of stresses: abiotic such as low temperature, long-term snow and ice cover, freeze-induced plant desiccation or frequent freezing and thawing, and biotic - many species of snow mould fungi. During the cold acclimation, cereals and grasses become more resistant to both stresses: cold and snow mould. Earlier seeded plants with a greater number of crowns are more resistant to snow mould. Infection caused by snow mould induces a complex plant response, including such processes as the synthesis of PR (pathogenesis-related) proteins (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanas), production of active oxygen species (AOS), synthesis of phenolics, phyotalexins, accumulation of callosis and soluble carbohydrates, and a decrease of water potential. In the paper the most common defence mechanisms against snow mould pathogens are discussed.

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Indukowane chłodem zmiany w poziomie kwasu salicylowego, związków fenolowych i węglowodanów u androgenicznych genotypów Festulolium różniących się odpornością na pleśń śniegową

51%

Pociecha E., Plazek A., Waligorski P., Zwierzykowski Z.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2010

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tom 545

Celem badań było określenie endogennej zawartości kwasu salicylowego u dwóch genotypów Festulolium różniących się odpornością na pleśń śniegową. Zbadano również zawartość związków fenolowych i cukrów rozpuszczalnych w sprzyjających infekcji warunkach chłodu i ciemności. Badania przeprowadzono na dwóch androgenicznych formach Festulolium oznaczonych numerami roboczymi 561 i 621, uzyskanych z odmiany Rakopan [Zwierzykowski i in. 2001]. Zawartość SA mierzono przed pre-hartowaniem (kontrola), po pre-hartowaniu oraz po hartowaniu. Analizy zmian zawartości związków fenolowych i cukrów rozpuszczalnych w liściach i węzłach krzewienia wykonywano przed umieszczeniem roślin w 2oC i ciemności, a następnie kolejno po 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 tygodniach wzrostu w chłodzie i w ciemności. Wykazano, że hartowanie zdecydowanie obniżało zawartość kwasu salicylowego u genotypu odpornego na pleśń śniegową, a zwiększało u genotypu wrażliwego. W rezultacie po hartowaniu obydwa genotypy nie różniły się istotnie w poziomie tego hormonu. Genotyp odporny na pleśń śniegową charakteryzował się większą zawartością związków fenolowych w ciągu pierwszych 4 tygodni chłodu i ciemności. Genotyp odporny na pleśń charakteryzował się mniejszymi wahaniami poziomu cukrów rozpuszczalnych podczas sześciotygodniowego wzrostu w chłodzie i ciemności oraz końcowo większym udziałem ketoz w ogólnej puli cukrów w porównaniu do genotypu wrażliwego. Podsumowując, poziom kwasu salicylowego indukowany hartowaniem nie różnicuje badanych genotypów Festulolium. Poziom SA po procesie hartowania u obu genotypów jest podobny, przy czym u genotypu odpornego jest kilkunastokrotnie niższy, zaś u genotypu wrażliwego trzykrotnie wyższy niż u kontroli.

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Aktywacja mechanizmów obronnych roślin przez szkodniki

51%

Kielkiewicz M., Godzina M., Czapla A.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 2

The review focuses on the progress in recent decades on various aspects of molecular responses taking place in plants infested by herbivorous arthropods. The diversity of herbivoryinitiated molecular events was presented with special emphasis on: (1) elicitors and a general recognition process, (2) signal perception, transduction, integration and defence gene expression, (3) cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defence pathways, and (4) regulators of plant defence responses.

Ograniczanie wyników

Evaluation of resistance and the role of some defense responses in wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight

PsbS is required for local and systemic integration of the photosystem II quantum-molecular functions with foliar heat dynamics, acclimatory and defense responses in Arabidopsis

Function of S-nitrosoglutathione in NPR1-dependent defence response

Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence response

Effect of Medicago sativa Mhb1 gene expression on defense response of Arabidopsis thaliana plants

Rola kwasu jasmonowego i jego estru metylowego w indukowaniu mechanizmow obronnych roslin przeciwko owadom

Control of postharvest decay of apple fruit with Trichoderma virens isolates and induction of defense responses

Involvement of ascorbate, glutathione and protein S-thiolation in benzothiadiazole-inducible defense response of cucumber against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans

The accumulation of SA- and JA-signaling pathways in the response of Glycine max cv. “Nam Dan” to infestation by Aphis craccivora

Redox homeostasis and antioxidants: Roles for ascorbate and glutathione in plant growth and defence responses

Resistance mechanisms of winter cereals and forage grasses to snow mould fungi

Indukowane chłodem zmiany w poziomie kwasu salicylowego, związków fenolowych i węglowodanów u androgenicznych genotypów Festulolium różniących się odpornością na pleśń śniegową

Aktywacja mechanizmów obronnych roślin przez szkodniki