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The performance of German Shepherd and Belgian Shepherd Malinois dogs in obedience, obstacle course, defense and tracking tests

100%

Lipka M., Strychalski J., Jastrzebska A., Gugolek A.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

2017

tom 32

nr 3

In Poland and other countries, the two breeds that are most commonly trained for police operations are the German Shepherd (GS) and the Belgian Shepherd Malinois (BSM). The purchase, training and maintenance of police dogs are very expensive. Appropriate preselection can lower those costs. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare GS and BSM dogs based on their performance in obedience, obstacle, defense and tracking tests. The study was performed on 222 dogs which participated in patrol-tracking training, patrol training and tracking training at the Kennel of the Police Training Center in Sułkowice. In many exercises: stay in obedience, stair climbing, balance beam, wooden wall and an obstacle course in obstacle completion, pursuit with a muzzle, pursuit without a muzzle and guarding detainees in defense, as well as field search, indoor search and vocalization in tracking, BSM were scored significantly better than GS.

Territorial fidelity and tenure in roe deer bucks

100%

Linnell J. D. C., Andersen R.

Acta Theriologica

1998

tom 43

nr 1

We present data on fidelity to territory, and length of tenure (multi-year) for bucks of European roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) based on 26 radio-collared individuals that were followed for up to 5 years. Individual bucks showed a high degree of fidelity to summer territory, with consecutive year's activity centres being less than 200 m apart on average. An average 70% of one year's territory was within the borders of the previous year's territory. No buck occupied a territory which did not overlap with the previous year's territory. Activity centres of consecutive winter home ranges were on average 502 m apart, although this difference was not significant. Several cases of switching between non-overlapping winter ranges between years were observed. Annual survival was high (97%) and we observed only a single case of an old buck losing dominance on his former territory after a very hard winter. All other surviving bucks regained their dominance on their territories. It is suggested that the roe deer bucks were demonstrating an "always stay" strategy in order to gain the benefits of site familiarity. This is in keeping with the concept of roe deer territoriality being a relatively "low-risk low-gain" strategy where emphasis is placed on survival and multi-year tenure of a territory.

Nest defence against conspecific intruders in the Common Pochard Aythya ferina: natural observations and an experimental test

80%

Honza M., Pialkova R., Albrecht T., Neuzilova S.

Acta Ornithologica

2009

tom 44

nr 2

The reproductive behaviour of brood parasitic birds has been of long-standing interest to evolutionary biologists, but some key features of this breeding tactic are largely unknown in particular species. Here we investigated antiparasitic tactics in ground nesting Common Pochard Aythya ferina females towards intraspecific brood parasitism. Using a conspecific female dummy we experimentally simulated a situation where a female returning to her own nest is confronted with a conspecific parasite. The behaviour of the tested females towards the experimental dummy was compared with their responses towards the stuffed female Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus used as a control. The reactions towards both dummies were similar: Pochard females typically swam silently around their nests and observed the dummy. The lack of differences between the measured parameters recorded in the experiments with conspecific and pheasant dummies may indicate that female Pochards do not recognize the conspecific intruder as a specific threat. In addition, the responses of the incubating female towards the conspecific female on her nest were studied using continuous video recordings. The defence was not sufficient, since the intruders were never expelled from the nest. The only rejection technique recorded was that of the parasitic egg being removed from the nest with the aid of the bill. The data indicate that active sophisticated anti-parasitic tactics have not evolved in Pochards, although there is some level of defence towards intruding conspecific parasites.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Ornithologica

1 Acta Theriologica

1 Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

1 Albrecht T.

1 Andersen R.

1 Gugolek A.

1 Honza M.

1 Jastrzebska A.

1 Linnell J. D. C.

1 Lipka M.

1 Neuzilova S.

1 Pialkova R.

1 Strychalski J.

1 2017

1 2009

1 1998

Wyniki wyszukiwania

The performance of German Shepherd and Belgian Shepherd Malinois dogs in obedience, obstacle course, defense and tracking tests

Territorial fidelity and tenure in roe deer bucks

Nest defence against conspecific intruders in the Common Pochard Aythya ferina: natural observations and an experimental test