Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Visceral sensitivity perturbations integration in the brain-gut axis in functional digestive disorders

100%

Bonaz B.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2003

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tom 54

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nr 4

27-42

Chronic abdominal pain is the most distressing symptom in patients with functionnal digestive disorders (FDD). IBS is the most common gastrointestinal disorder seen in primary care and gastroenterology practice. IBS is a functional bowel disorder in which abdominal pain is associated with defaecation or a change in bowel habit, with features of disordered defecation and with distension. The underlying pathophysiology of IBS is unknown but a chronic visceral hyperalgesia, in the absence of detectable organic disease, is implicated. The exact location of abnormality of visceral pain processing is not known. Theories of its etiology have range widely from the original view that the disease represents a primary disturbance of gut mucosa to emerging conception of the syndrome as emanating from a complex disordered interaction between the digestive and nervous systems. Several lines of evidence suggest a strong modulatory or etiologic role of the central nervous system in the pathophysiology of IBS. A major advance in the understanding of the central mechanisms of pain processing has evolved from application of functional imaging techniques, as represented by positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In humans, multiple components are involved in somato-visceral pain processings, including sensory-discriminative components, affective components, and cognitive components. Silverman et al, using PET, were the first to explore neural correlates of abdominal pain induced by rectal distension. If healthy subjects activated the ACC, the IBS patients did not while they presented an activation of the left PFC. These findings were consistent with an IBS model that includes both the exaggerated activation of a vigilance network (dorsolateral PFC) and a failure in pain inhibition network anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, Mertz et al., using fMRI, observed that pain led to a greater activation of the ACC than did non-painful stimuli thus arguing for an up-regulation of afferent sensitivity to pain. Using fMRI, we also characterized cerebral loci activated by a rectal distension in healthy volunteers. The activation patterns presented a strong similarity with the central processing of somatic pain. In contrast, in a women predominant population of IBS patients, we did not observed any neuronal activation in locations activated in healthy volunteers (ACC, dorsolateral PFC) while a significant deactivation was observed in the IC and in the amygdala, a limbic structure with a role to assign emotional significance to a current experience related to anxiety and fear. Brain imaging techniques thus appear as useful tools to characterize normal and abnormal brain processing of visceral pain in patients with FDD. Reversal effects of chemical compounds targeting these abnormalities either at a peripheral or a central level should be of interest.

2

Defecation and urination patterns of badgers Meles meles at low density in South West England

84%

Hutchings M. R., Service K. M., Harris S.

Acta Theriologica

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2001

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tom 46

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nr 1

The spatial distribution of urine and faecal scent marks of badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) at low population density (mean ± SE across 4 social groups was 5.73 ± 0.735 badgers/km2) in south-western England were quantified. Eighteen badger latrines (greater than one dung pit containing faeces), 74 single defecations not in pits and 21 faeces in single pits were located in spring when badgers were defending well-defined territories. Woodland was selected, and arable land avoided, for latrine sites. Pasture and built-up land was selected for single defecations not in pits whereas faeces in single pits were distributed randomly across habitat types. Faecal scent marks were strongly associated with the edge of pastoral fields rather than the middle. Forty-six and 51 urinations were located in spring and summer, respectively. Urine was deposited randomly across habitat types but was concentrated at the linear features surrounding the main setts. This is the first reported use of high levels of single defecations and urinations in badger scent marking strategies in the UK. These results are discussed in relation to the potential for transmission of bovine tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis from badger excreta to cattle.

3

Year-round defecation pattern in wild genets [Genetta genetta L.] in a mountain forest [Toledo, Central Spain]

67%

Barrientos R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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tom 54

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nr 2

4

Endocytosis, digestion, and defecation in flagellates

59%

Radek R., Hausmann K.

Acta Protozoologica

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1994

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tom 33

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nr 3

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Protozoologica

1 Acta Theriologica

1 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

1 Polish Journal of Ecology

1 Barrientos R.

1 Bonaz B.

1 Harris S.

1 Hausmann K.

1 Hutchings M. R.

1 Radek R.

1 Service K. M.

1 2006

1 2003

1 2001

1 1994

Visceral sensitivity perturbations integration in the brain-gut axis in functional digestive disorders

Defecation and urination patterns of badgers Meles meles at low density in South West England

Year-round defecation pattern in wild genets [Genetta genetta L.] in a mountain forest [Toledo, Central Spain]

Endocytosis, digestion, and defecation in flagellates