The aim of the review was to present the influence of different cow milking frequencies on the yield and chemical composition of milk, the reproductive performance of cows, the health status of cows and their mammary glands and on the economic efficiency of production. The results of a study concerning an increase in the daily frequency of milking high-yielding cows suggest that the treatment causes an increase in the yield of milk (of 6.0 - 25.2%), fat and protein with a slightly lower fat and protein content in milk in a 305-day lactation. That increase, however, was in many cases unprofitable economically. An increase in the milk yield was more distinct in primiparous than multiparous cows. An increased milking frequency caused a small deterioration or lack of changes in the values of reproduction indices, an improvement of the mammary gland health status and a significant decrease in the somatic cell count in milk. With an increased milking frequency, no distinct increase in the fodder uptake was observed, which may result from intensified uptake of triglyceride from the reserve fat. A decrease in condition and body mass was observed in more frequently milked cows, which increases the risk of ketosis. It is assumed that cows milked 3 times should have a long drying-off period (about 50-60 days) in order to rebuilt fat and protein reserves in the organism. The advisability of an increased milking frequency of cows depends not only on the level of milk yield but also on economic conditions, such as costs of labour connected with milking, costs of site amortization and cost of cows’ feeding, as well as the purchase price of milk. Numerous authors point out that such a treatment may be profitable with an increase in milk yield in a 305-day lactation at the level of about 15%, with low service costs and low prices of all-mash fodders.
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