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Carbohydrates are known as sources of immunological cross-reactivity of allergenic significance. In celery and in cypress pollen, the major allergens Api g 5 and Cup a 1 are recognised by antisera raised against anti-horseradish peroxidase and by patients' IgE which apparently bind carbohydrate epitopes; mass spectrometric analysis of the tryptic peptides and of their N-glycans showed the presence of oligosaccharides carrying both xylose and core α1,3-fucose residues. Core α1,3-fucose residues are also a feature of invertebrates: genetic and biochemical studies on the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni and the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans indicate that these organisms possess core α1,3-fucosyltransferases. Various experiments have shown that fucosyltransferases from both fly and worm are responsible in vivo and in vitro for the synthesis of N-glycans which cross-react with anti-horseradish peroxidase; thus, we can consider these enzymes as useful tools in generating standard compounds for testing cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes of allergenic interest.
We present a study of the distribution, ecology and conservation status of Cupressus atlantica, an endemic tree of the High Atlas (Morocco). The main populations of this species grow in a reduced area along the N’Fiss valley in the Central High Atlas and are gradually receding. Particular populations are increasingly fragmented and the total area covered by the cypress woodland has decreased to less than a third of the surface occupied in the 1930s. Overgrazing reduces the woodlands’ regenerative capacity, and the exploitation of the wood, linked to traditional uses by the rural society of the N’Fiss valley, directly reduces the number of trees. Great efforts being made to protect the species by the Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts are having some effect in recent years.
The genetic basis of the resistance of the common cypress to Seridium cardinale was investigated in the environmental condition of Central Italy. The cortical canker caused by the fungus affects the common cypress since the 1970’s in Europe and the genetic improvement for the resistance is considered an effective tool to cope with the bark canker epidemics. General and specific combining abilities of thirty mother plants were estimated by means of a North Carolina II mating design including four cypress clones as testers showing divergent degree of canker resistance. The strong differences among testers and general combining effects showed that the character under investigation has an additive genetic control. The best combinations were identified within the families from the crosses with the resistant tester. The results however showed that an early classification of the mother trees, based on a simple unreplicated resistance screening test, is not effective to predict the behaviour in crosses. Replicated screening tests based on morpho-physiological and chemical characteristics are suggested, because the bark canker resistant traits is not sufficiently stable in cypress trees.
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