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Coir pith is being considered as the reject generated during the extraction of coir fibre from coconut husks. It is a light weight and fluffy material with dusts and bits of fibres. The coir pith has many undesirable components and hence it does not carry any value addition. It needs to be degraded for the effective utilization for further activities. Microbes have the ability to decompose coir pith. Coir pith itself posses its own native microbes. Hence in the present study, raw coir pith and the soil dumped with coir pith in the dumping yards along the vicinity of the coir fibre factories were subjected for the enumeration and characterization of microorganisms. The coir pith for the study was collected from two locations in Cuddalore District. The results exhibited the presence of huge quantity of microbes in the raw coir pith than the coir pith dumped soil. Furthermore, the percentage occurrence of bacteria was significantly higher when compared with that of the fungi and actinomycetes. Totally 12 species of bacteria, six species of fungi and three species of actinomycetes were recorded. The results showed significant variation in the quantity and quality of the microbes.
The different acid invertase activity (total, soluble, wall-bound and extracellular) in calli induced on explants (cotyledon, petiole, hypocotyl and leaf) originated from Medicago strasseri seedlings were evaluated. In cultures subjected to 16 h photoperiod, the highest total, soluble and extracellular activities were found in calli from leaves cultured in medium 12 (MS with 0.01 mg·dm⁻³ (0.045 µM) of TDZ), elevated amounts of total and wall-bound invertase being found in calli induced on petioles in 12G medium (MS with 0.01 mg·dm⁻³ (0.045 µM) TDZ and 3.104 mg·dm⁻³ glycerol). In cultures maintained in darkness, the activity detected was lower than that observed in cultures under light conditions. The highest amounts of enzyme was bound in calli cultured on medium 12 (total and extracellular invertase) -leaves- and medium 12D (MS with 0.001 mg·dm⁻³ (0.0045 µM) TDZ) (soluble invertase) -using hypocotyls. In general, the different forms of invertase activity studied seem to appear in greatest amounts in calli induced under light conditions using leaves as explant and TDZ as growth regulator.
The present study focuses on the assessment of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) release from PK15 cells in a time dependent manner. the highest amount of PERV A RNA was detected in PK15 cells after 16 hours of culture. !e highest amount of PERV B RNA was detected in PK15 cells after 20 hours. !e highest amount of both subtypes RNAs was detected in culture medium after 32 hours of culture. the peaks of PERV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity were detected after 28 h of culture in PK15 cells and after 32 hours in the culture medium. the monitoring of PERV release from PK15 cell line may be useful for the evaluation of PERV replication.
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Wplyw uprawy pieczarki na sklad chemiczny podloza

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The influence of Agaricus bisporus cultivation on changes of chemical composition of beds in presented. The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus caused a decrease of the content of macroelements in the analyzed post-mushroom beds as compared to the content of those element in beds before cultivation. The content of microelements and other trace elements as well as heavy metals in most cases increased in the postmushroom beds. It was caused by the fact that peat used as a cover contained a lot of analyzed elements. The changes observed in the harvested mushrooms included: in the group of macroelements - the highest content of carbon and nitrogen and the lowest of magnesium and calcium; in the group of microelements - the highest content of aluminum, lithium and iron and the lowest of cobalt and molybdenum while in the group of heavy metals - the highest content of zinc and copper (to be ranked mikroelements) and the lowest of chromium.
Mammalian serum is essential for the growth of Giardia duodenalis cultivated under axenic conditions. Unfortunately, some factors present in bovine serum used as supplement in the culture medium may inhibit protozoal growth and activity. TYI-33-PACSR is a TYI medium supplemented with a serum replacement (PACSR) made up of Earle’s amino acid solution, Diamond’s vitamin-tween 80 mixtures and LCR (a lipid-cholesterol — rich mixture). PACSR was previously used in the culture media for axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis. The main objective of this work was to demonstrate that TYI-33-PACSR is useful for axenic cultivation of G. duodenalis. Additionally, the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA A2) in the sub-cellular vesicular fraction (P30) of G. duodenalis grown in TYI-S-33 and TYI-33-PACSR was compared. All strains of Giardia grown in TYI-33-PACSR reached relative cellular densities of 91 to 95% compared to controls growing in serum-supplemented TYI-S-33 medium. Additionally, PLA A2 activity was similar in the P30 sub-cellular fraction obtained from trophozoites growing in TYI-S-33 and TYI-33-PACSR. Thus, TYI-33-PACSR could be useful in analyzing the biological properties of G. duodenalis in the absence of serum.
The potential of immature zygotic embryos to produce embryogenic tissue was tested using culture media differed in inorganic salt composition as well as plant growth regulator content. Explants cultured on DCR as well as MLV media gave the highest initiation percentages with maximum values of 8.8% (MLV) to 10.4% (DCR). Plant growth regulators content (standard or reduced) had no profound effect on embryogenic tissue initiation. Somatic embryo maturation as well as germination was dependent on the cell line and salt composition of the medium. Plantlet regeneration occurred in three cell lines out of five tested. During the maturation process profound changes occurred in the internal organisation of somatic embryos such differentiation of root meristem in precotyledonary somatic embryos and formation of provascular strands in cotyledonary somatic embryos.
Genetically manipulated food barley, Hordeum vulgare L. var. valfajr, was compared to commercial-grade starch as carbon sources in groundnut and soybean based media for supporting growth, sporulation and delta-endotoxin production by Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner B. thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 and a promising newly isolated B. thuringiensis strain (referred to as BTA) were used. MgCl2, CaCl2, and MnCl2 were used as trace-elements. Culture media were compared in shaken flasks and then in 5 l Fermentors. Biomass, delta-endotoxin levels and the number of spores as colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. For each of the two strains, biomass and delta-endotoxin synthesis were not significantly different in soybean-based media after substitution starch by barley flour. There were significant differences between the two strains with respect to biomass and toxin production. Evaluated costs of media preparation showed that food barley is an economical alternative to commercial-grade starch in the production of BTA bioinsecticide.
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