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The Author – ethnologist and anthropologist of culture – defends the thesis that rural landscape is an important component of cultural heritage. Virtual “cyberspaces” as - sume the role of an alternative life environment. Physical space loses the basis for explaining the world and for shaping human experience. The degraded rural cultural landscape is the proof of erroneous conceptions and rural space gathers the effects of a deficit of sensibility to “long continuance”. In opposition to postmodernist assessments the Author objects to the attempts at destabilising culture. Culture is significant. The protection of rural landscape as a particularly sensitive and valuable quality has a sense. In the conclusion of her article the Author suggests that a more thorough humanistic reflection is needed to make it possible to optimally implement the recommendations of the European Landscape Convention.
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Educational functions of agricultural farms

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The subject of the work were educational farms, and the purpose presentation of the educational function of farms associated in the National Network of Educational Homestead operating in the eastern region of Poland. In this paper analyzed offer 41 educational farms operating in the eastern region of Polish. Information on their activities obtained by analyzing the contents of website www. zagrodaedukacyjna.pl, as well as on the websites of the surveyed households. The surveyed households were the most frequently implemented targets for material culture heritage of the village, traditional trades, crafts and folk art, as well as crop production. Tem activities was mostly agriculture and farm activities, and also widely understood subject nature. The addressees of the offer surveyed households were most often children of school age. Most of the farms offered programs one day without accommodation. Persons person running the course were usually owners. Conclusions: The modern approach to education makes the farm attractive place to teach classes, integrating theory with practice in a variety of subjects. Direct contact with the rich agricultural and natural environment and cultural and social farmstead promotes a more holistic development of young people.
Modern German village, in the form of dense or shattered settlement, its architecture, constructive materials, spatial lay-out, functions, the way of ground-exploitation are slightly differentiated in particular united countries (lands). Natural conditions, the time of springing up, farming type (if still exists) and social structure – all those factors influence the country development. All changes in the style of farming and village function are being reflected in development of building areas, which has been moderated and renovated from many years – not always with the profit for cultural heritage. The evidences of the urbanisation may be seen at German countryside (as well as in other UE countries), discussed in the paper and shown on annexed photographs. In the process of constant changes the attention points on saving the identity of the place and form of development. The projects focused on development and infrastructure renovation and preserving cultural heritage as well are being initiated. The awareness of countryside cultural value as the result historical colonisation has been creating during multi-year transformation.
The article is focused on a cultural heritage. It points out the meaning of cultural heritage for the individuals and for the society. It reports a new perspective on cultural heritage as cultural capital, its perception as a bearer of cultural and economic values. The overview of economic valuation techniques used for estimating cultural heritage is also presented in this article.
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Artists in the face of threats of climate change

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The observation of the rapid rate of plant cover transformation caused by urbanization and agricultural technology was the inspiration for undertaking the study in rural areas. The study was carried out in the Sandomierz Basin in four typical villages with varying degrees of the anthropogenic impact. The changes observed included: Koszyce Małe – evident transformation of fields and meadows into building land; Kolbuszowa Dolna – intensive changes in land use, abandonment of fields and meadows, and river regulation; Roźwienica – emergence of new habitats for plant colonization after reclamation of land previously occupied by a brick factory and a landfill; Krzeczowice – intensive crop cultivation and unchanged land use. In 2009–2010, floristic investigations with the patrol method were carried out in these areas. The historical-geographical classification and indices of the anthropogenic changes of the flora were employed in the analysis. Substantially, domination of synanthropic species over non-synanthropic spontaneophytes was noted in the analysed floras. In the synanthropic species group, the proportion of apophytes was 3-fold higher than that of anthropophytes. Archaeophytes were more abundant than kenophytes. The flora of Krzeczowice, an area affected by long-term anthropopressure, was by approx. 30% less abundant than that in the other villages; it was also characterised by the highest synanthropization index, apophytization index, and index of apophytism of spontaneophytes. In turn, the flora found in Kolbuszowa Dolna was rich due to the presence of a wide variety of habitats; it was characterised by the lowest apophytization index accompanied by the highest anthropophization index.
The necessity to protect contemporary cultural properties was implemented by the provisions of the Polish Law of Spatial Planning and Development of 2 March 2003. Lack of detailed provisions regarding that issue causes the necessity to introduce uniform principles of identification and protection of valuable landmarks. Our analysis of the cultural property definition and the examples of present planning solutions indicates the problems associated with the selection and protection of the objects that may constitute contemporary cultural properties.
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Research on wood submerged in the sea

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The Polish Maritime Museum in Gdansk participated in the EU project MACHU aiming at creation of a system of location, making information on European subaqueous maritime cultural heritage available and dissemination of it. 7 EU countries co-operated in the project. The Wood Technology Institute contributed to research on durability of small oak wood samples submerged in the sea. The samples were considered bioindicator of changes. The outline of research in the project is presented below.
Na północny-wschód od Lublina w Sobianowicach na wysokim zboczu rzeki Bystrzycy położony jest zespół dworsko-parkowy. Historia wsi Sobiyanowicze bierze początek w XIV wieku, a pierwsze wzmianki o obronnym dworze wybudowanym w tym miejscu sięgają 1676 roku. Obecne założenie, o powierzchni 2,28 ha, reprezentuje XIX-wieczny park krajobrazowy o charakterze kaligraficznym. Od 1978 roku obiekt i jego otoczenie są objęte ochroną konserwatorską. W ostatnich dziesięciu latach dwór i park zostały opuszczone i zaniedbane. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja przekształceń przestrzennych oraz kompozycyjnych dworu i parku w Sobianowicach na podstawie dostępnych materiałów archiwalnych i badań terenowych oraz wskazanie zachowanych reliktów dawnego założenia, wyeksponowanie powiązań obiektu z krajobrazem naturalnym i kulturowym okolicy.
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