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A field experiment was carried out (1994–1999) on mixed chernozem rendzina originating from cretaceous bedrock. Three cultivation systems were used: conventional tillage (CT), ploughless tillage (PL), and direct drilling (DD). The simplified cultivation systems marginally influenced the water retention ability of the soil. Water retention properties of rendzina were most favourably shaped under CT, while PLresulted in a slight worsening when compared to CT, and the least favourable influence on the retention properties was exerted by DD.
The research included a static crop-rotation field experiment set up in 1993: sugar beet – winter wheat – faba bean – winter barley + stubble intercrop and covered the effect of three soil cultivation systems: A – ploughing cultivation, B – ploughless cultivation, C – direct sowing on selected chemical properties of soil sampled from three soil profile layers: 0 – 10 cm, 10 – 20 cm and 20 – 30 cm. The ploughless soil cultivation and direct sowing increased the contents of organic C, total N and available K and decreased the content of exchangeable Mg in the upper soil layers. The content of available P and exchangeable Ca did not depend on the factors studied significantly. Giving up ploughing cultivation and taking up direct sowing increased the sum of exchangeable bases and the tendency to decrease soil pHKCl.
The study was carried out in 2003–2005 in the Bezek Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin). The experimental fi eld was situated on light loamy sand soil. The phosphorus content in soil was high, in potassium medium, in magnesium low. The humus content was 1.2%. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks in three replications. The aim of the investigation was to compare three doses of herbicides in winter triticale canopy (Janko cv., Woltario cv., Krakowiak cv.) cultivated in monoculture. The herbicides Atlantis 04 WG and Factor 365 EC were applied at full recommended doses (200 gha-1), at doses reduced to 75% and 50%. The control was not treated with the herbicides. The weed infestation level was determined by means of the quantitative-weighting method at two dates: the fi rst one at the 6th week after herbicide application and the second one before harvest. The density of weed individuals was counted; the species composition and air– dry biomass of above-ground parts were estimated from the randomly selected areas of 1 m x 0.25 m at four sites of each plot. The density of weeds and weed air dry weight were statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey’s confi dence intervals (p=0.05). It was found that the number of weeds and air dry mass of weeds in the control were signifi cantly higher in comparison with the herbicide treated objects. The application of different doses of herbicides did not differentiate signifi cantly the weed infestation level in the winter triticale canopy. Viola arvensis, Matricaria maritima, Chenopodium album and Apera spicaventi were dominant species of weeds in the winter triticale canopy. The selection of cultivars did not influence the canopy weed infestation level.
The European Union places great emphasis on the use of renewable energy sources in the energy industries. The share of bio-components in liquid fuels consumption is expected to reach 10% by the end of 2020. A consequence of this regulation is the increased cropping area of rapeseed in Poland. The aim of the study was to quantify the environmental impact associated with winter rape production along the life cycle stages. The method used to calculate the overall environmental profile of rapeseed was the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analysis was based on the case study of two large-area farms in the Wielkopolska region carried out in the years 2011–2013. Our study showed that fertilizer operation was the largest contributor to the environmental impact categories, representing almost 99 percent of the acidification potential and 77 percent of the global warming potential. Among the components of fertilizing operations, field application of nitrogen fertilizers generated the highest load of greenhouse gas emissions. It is concluded that the data obtained characterizes the conventional type of rapeseed production in the Wielkopolska region and can be used as source material for extending the LCA to the rapeseed processing industry which receive the material from the local suppliers.nts in individual years of observations were positive and correlated statistically significantly.
The present research was carried out over 1997-2000 on good rye (Agricultural Experiment Station Lipnik in the vicinity of Stargard Szczeciński) and good wheat (Agricultural Experiment Station Ostoja in the vicinity of Szczecin) soil suitability complexes in a static crop-rotation experiment, which compared the effect of soil cultivation systems: A - plough, B - ploughless, C – direct sowing (Lipnik Agricultural Experiment Station, only) on the growth, development and yielding of winter wheat in crop rotation: sugar beet – winter wheat – faba bean – winter barley + stubble intercrop (white mustard). The results presented cover winter wheat - ‘Kobra’. Irrespective of the soil cultivation system applied, significantly higher grain yields were obtained on the soil of medium quality. The reaction of plants to simplified pre-sowing cultivation depended on the soil.
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Azotany(V) w bulwach ziemniaka

51%
Koncentracja azotanów(V) w bulwach na ogół nie przekracza poziomu bezpiecznego, tj. 200 mg NO3/kg s.m., jednak badania wskazują, że niekiedy notuje się wysokie ich stężenie. W większości prób zakupionych do badan w różnych punktach handlowych Olsztyna i Szczecina zawartość azotanów ( V) nie stwarzała zagrożenia zdrowotnego, jednak w niektórych latach przeważał udział prób z zawartością powyżej dozwolonego poziomu. Zwiększonej koncentracji można się spodziewać w bulwach odmian bardzo wczesnych i wczesnych, uprawianych na glebach mocniejszych, w latach z wysoka temperatura i suchych – szczególnie w okresie tuberyzacji, w latach chłodnych i mokrych, a także z plantacji traktowanych środkami ochrony roślin. Istotne znaczenie ma też właściwy płodozmian i odpowiednio dobrane nawożenie nie tylko azotem, ale również fosforem, potasem i mikroelementami.
Field experiment was conducted in the years 1998-2000 in GD Felin. The influence of no-tillage cultivation and conventional tillage with spring ploughing on weed infestation of anion was compared. In experiment four cover crop mulches (Sinapis alba L., Vicia sativa L., Phacelia tanacetifolia B., Avena sativa L.) were applied. Fram annual weeds in weed infestation of onion in great number Matricaria chamomilla L., and Senecio vulgaris L. stepped out, and from perennial - Agropyron repens (L.) P.B. Reduced soil cultivation system (no-tillage) caused the significant growth of primary weed infestation of onion in comparison with conventional tillage. In all years of investigations the executed pre-sowing ploughing limited significantly the annual weeds' number in primary weed infestation. The applied mulches from cover plants limited in considerable degree the number of primary weed infestation. In all years of investigations the most weeds stepped out on control object. Among investigated cover crop mulches Vicia sativa L. and Avena sativa L. had a profitable effect on decrease of anion' s primary weed infestation. Soil cultivation system and cover crop mulches had no significant residual influence on the secondary weed infestation of onion.
W latach 1998–2000 badano na wybranych polach trwałego doświadczenia płodozmianowego reakcję odmian pszenicy ozimej na uprawę w różnych systemach produkcji: ekologicznym, konwencjonalnym, integrowanym, monokulturze. W doświadczeniach testowano cztery odmiany pszenicy ozimej różniące się cechami morfologicznymi, podatnością na choroby, repartycją, rokiem wpisania do rejestru odmian, cechami jakościowymi, były to: Kobra, Roma, Juma, Elena. Program badań obejmował analizę wybranych parametrów wzrostu na poziomie rośliny i łanu. Testowane odmiany pszenicy ozimej wykazały największe zróżnicowanie plonów i analizowanych cech w ekologicznym systemie produkcji. Cechami, które decydowały o większej produkcyjności odmian w systemie ekologicznym były odporność na choroby liści oraz konkurencyjność w stosunku do chwastów.
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