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The content of dry matter, total protein, ether extract, crude ash and crude fibre was determined in the plant material. In addition, the BAW was calculated and the content of: Mg, Ca, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn was assessed. The highest (P < 0.05) concentration of nutrients in dry matter was characteristic of fennel flower and green pepper.The highest abundance of minerals in crude ash was found in lovage and marjoram (144.4-116.6 g kg-1), and of total protein – in common basil and lovage (208.8 and 185.4 g kg-1). The highest (P < 0.05) content of crude fat was determined in common juniper, nutmeg, green pepper, marjoram and rosemary (on average 17.18 g kg-1) and of fibre in coriander (107.2 g kg-1), while the highest BAW was recorded in nutmeg, white pepper and rosemary (on average 730.9 g kg-1). The % RDA and AI coverage were estimated for consumers aged 31-50, assuming that the intake of the analysed culinary herbs is equivalent to 1g per day. The herbs had highly differentiated content of the analysed minerals. Common basil contained the highest amounts (P < 0.05) of macroelements: Mg, Ca, K and Na (79.8, 1278, 2135 and 218.5 μg g-1, respectively) and microelements: Fe, Cu and Mn (26.31, 1.95 and 8.56 μg g-1, respectively). Of all the herbs, fennel flower was the most abundant (P < 0.05) source of Zn (74.53 μg g-1), while juniper and green pepper was the richest in Mg (an average content 86.8 μg g-1), marjoram and lovage – in Ca (1666 and 1041 μg g-1 respectively), and red pepper – in K (2114 μg g-1). According to calculations, the consumption of 1 g of the above herbs can cover up to approx. 0.1% of RDA (Mg, Ca,) and AI (K, Na) and up to 0.6% of RDA (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn).
The aim of this work was an assessment of a microbiological quality of some dried herbs, offered in retail. A basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) savory (Satureja hortensis L.), tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were investigated. The research material included 28 samples coming from five producers and was purchased in Szczecin in shops of various commercial networks. It was stated that the microbiological contamination was significantly differentiated depending on both: a kind of herbs and a producer. A mean count of microorganisms was the highest in basil while the lowest counts were detected in oregano and savory. A microbiological quality of the majority of the tested herbs attained standards. However, in 25% of the samples an excessive amount of bacteria (>105cfu∙g-1) was detected. Only in individual cases, there was a high contamination by moulds (>103cfu∙g-1) and coliforms (present in 0.01–0.001 g). Nevertheless, there were no E. coli, Salmonella sp. and coagulase (+) staphylococci in any sample.
Ascorbic acid is a well-known antioxidant found in plants. The content of ascorbic acid was assayed using a normal phase European Pharmacopoeia HPLC method for ascorbic acid in medicinal products. The content of ascorbic acid in herbs was calculated in % for absolutely dry drug. Ascorbic acid was not detected in the roots of Primula veris, in aerial parts it was detected in flowers (0.43 ± 0.034%), in blades (1.43 ± 0.11%) and petioles (1.56 ± 0.12%). In fresh leaves collected at weekly intervals the content of ascorbic acid varied from 1.19 to 2.39%, being highest from mid-May to mid-June. The fresh leaves contained 2.35 ± 0.18% of ascorbic acid and when frozen its content was quite stable for one year. The content of ascorbic acid in dried leaves decreased more than ten times in three months, in twelve months it was less than 1/20th of the initial level. Compared to the analyzed common fresh fruits and salads (n = 10) the fresh leaves of common cowslip contained considerably more ascorbic acid. Commercial orange juices could be recommended as the most convenient source of ascorbic acid (8.6–50.4 mg/100 ml); 1–5 glasses of orange juice could fulfill the recommended daily intake of vitamin C (60 mg).
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