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The studies focused on the effect of the addition of low concentrations of glucose - a substrate that is readily subject to microbiological degradation, on the rate of biodégradation of petroleum products. Glucose in concentration 1% was introduced into mineral medium containing 3% crude oil, with or without bacterial inoculum. The rate of degradation of crude oil in the individual cultures was determined for 3 weeks. The degradation of petroleum products in liquid mineral medium reached 56% after 21 days of growth in the presence of 1% concentration of glucose. The introduction of bacteria that had been cultured earlier in the presence of petroleum products had an effect on hydrocarbon removal efficiency - in both the presence and absence of glucose, the percent reduction of crude oil was high, reaching 76 and 86, respectively, after 21 days.
This paper presents the results of modeling of spectra of light scattering and absorption coefficients in sea water polluted with crude oil suspension. In the Mie theory, which has been applied for calculations, the results of the measurements of the size distribution spectra in artificial crude oil suspensions in sea water were used as well as the results of the measurements of the components of the complex light refraction index of crude oil from the Baltic Sea (Petrobaltic type). The comparison of the spectra obtained with those which are characteristic for the waters in the Gulf of Gda.sk confirmed that the admixture of emulsion with about 2 ppm of crude oil doubles the light scattering coefficient. The same effect, with respect to the light absorption coefficient, is obtained when the concentration of the crude oil suspension is about 100 ppm.
In the process of oil exploitation and transportation, large amounts of crude oil are often spilled, resulting in serious pollution of the marine environment. Forecasting oil spill reverse trajectories to determine the exact oil spill sources is crucial for taking proactive and effective emergency measures. In this study, the backward-in-time model (BTM) is proposed for identifying sources of oil spills in the East China Sea. The wind, current and random walk are three major factors in the simulation of oil spill sources. The wind drag coefficient varies along with the uncertainty of the wind field, and the random walk is sensitive to various traits of different regions, these factors are taken as constants in most of the state-of-the-art studies. In this paper, a self-adaptive modification mechanism for drift factors is proposed, which depends on a data set derived from the drifter buoys deployed over the East China Sea shelf. It can be well adapted to the regional characteristics of different sea areas. The correlation factor between predicted positions and actual locations of the drifters is used to estimate optimal coefficients of the BTM. A comparison between the BTM and the traditional method is also made in this study. The results presented in this paper indicate that our method can be used to predict the actual specific spillage locations.
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