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The aim of our study was to investigate fungistatic properties of glucosinolates from seeds of four cruciferous plants against Candida albicans, obtained from different sections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The examined extracts were observed to exert different effects on fungi depending on the site of their isolation. The strongest antimycotic activity was reported for the extract obtained from seeds of broccoli – the extract appeared more effective than fluconazole. In contrast, upon the activity of white mustard seeds extract the size of the growth inhibition zone was similar to that yielded by fluconazole. Promising results of our experiments suggest the need to further investigate the field.
This paper describes the antioxidant capacity of cruciferous sprouts and its components in the course of germination under light conditions. The content of soluble proteins (SP), reduced glutathione (GSH), L-ascorbic acid (AH2), tocopherols (a-T, b-T, g-T, d-T) and total phenolic compounds (TPC), and finally Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the seeds and sprouts were determined in this respect. The results obtained were used for calculating the contribution of these compounds to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of seeds and sprouts. The TAC of the samples was calculated as the sum of TEAC obtained by ABTS test (formed by TPC and AH2 presence) plus sum of the antioxidant capacities provided by tocopherols, soluble proteins and GSH. The percentage contribution of TPC was corrected by the content of AH2 due to the overestimated TPC values determined by Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, and a simple correction method is shown. Both corrected TPC and AH2 contribution was above 99%, 83% and 59% in radish, small radish and rapeseeds and about 97%, 73% and 71% in 5-day sprouts, respectively. The contribution of SP, GSH and T (a-T, b-T, g-T, d-T) in forming the antioxidant screen of the seeds and sprouts was of a minor importance since it did not exceed 6% in the seeds and approximately 2% in the sprouts collected after the fourth day of germination. This study indicates TPC and AH2 to be the most important antioxidants in cruciferous sprouts.
In 1993–1997 the occurrence of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) and predators from Cecidomyiidae, Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae was observed on the nine different late cabbage vegetables; Savoy cabbage cv. ‘Vertus’, white cabbage cv. ‘Amager’, red cabbage cv. ‘Langendijker’, brussel sprouts cv. ‘Maczuga’, cauliflower cv. ‘Pionier’, blue kohlrabi cv. ‘Masłowa’, white kohlrabi cv. ‘Delikates’, kale cv. ‘Zielony Kędzierzawy’ and broccoli cv. ‘Piast’. Among the examined predators only the cecidomyiid – Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rond. (Cecidomyiidae) played an important role in reducing the number of cabbage aphids. The cruciferous species had no impact on the density of A. aphidimyza population, and females laying eggs. The size of aphid colonies on cabbage leaves played the most important role.
A study into the sanitary state of roots and culm base of winter wheat was carried out in 1999-2002 in the Production and Experimental Station in Balcyny near Ostróda. Experimental wheat was cultivated after spring cross plants such as spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleiferus Metz.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L), Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea L.), oleiferous radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus L.), false flax (Camelina sativa L.), crambe (Crambe abbysinica Hoechst.) and after oats (Avena sativa L.) as a control. The other experimental factor was the method of after-harvest residue management, i.e. ploughing in the stubble, ploughing in the stubble and straw, ploughing in the stubble and straw with nitrogen added. The occurrence of root rot and stem base diseases was affected by weather conditions and forecrop species. Winter wheat roots were attacked to the lowest degree when spring rape and radish were used as forecrops, and to the highest degree - when grown after oat. The culm base was most intensely infected with fusarium foot rot (Fusarium spp.). The remaining root-rot diseases occurred every year but with different intensity. The method of utilization of after-harvest residues did not have a clear effect on the intensity of infection of the roots and culm base of winter wheat.
The research was conduced in the years 1999-2000. The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of the following spring oilseed crops: crambe (Crambe abbysinica Hoechsl.) cv. B o r o w s k i, false flax (Camelina sativa L.) cv. B o r o w s k a, spring rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera L.) cv. M a r g o and oleiferous radish (Raphanus •tivus var. oleiferus L.) cv. P e g 1 e t t a. In all the years of the research alternaria, light was found on the leaves and siliques of spring rape and oleiferous radish and on the leaves and stems of crambe. False flax proved to be weakly infected by •pathogens. On its leaves gray mould (Botrytis cinerea) was found in all the years, of the research. The disease was found on the siliques only in 1999. In 2000, powdery mildew was found on spring rape and false flax (respectively, Erysiphe cifearum and E. cichoracearum). The weather conditions affected the intensity the diseases on the studied spring oilseed crops. Alernaria genus, especially A. alternata was most commonly isolated from the of examined p!ants. It constituted from 37% (in crambe) to 63.3% (in spring) of all the isolates. Of the remaining pathogenic species, numerous fungi of Fusarium genus (F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. oxysporum) isolated. They constituted from 1.0% (false flax) to 17.3% (crambe) of the isolates.
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