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Genetic variability of three sympatric crucian carp ( Carassius carassius ) populations from NW Poland was studied within a research project aimed at assessing the utility of those populations for stocking in inland waters. DNA samples were collected from 65 individuals. Restriction analysis was performed using 4 enzymes (HaeIII, HinfI, FspBI, TasI) of known restriction sites. The restriction pro files obtained were classified as belonging to a single haplotype (H-1). Selected DNA products were sequenced; the subsequent comparison made it possible to detect the presence of substi- tutions in the genome fragment analysed.
The study involved crucian carp harvested in various seasons of 2000-2002 from the Szczecin Lagoon (177 individuals) and from the Leszczyńskie Lakeland (707 individuals). The fish age was determined from scales. The length growth was back-calculated with the scale radius-corrected Vovk method in which the standard length was set at 12 mm [10]. In addition, 5 mathematical growth models (Ford-Walford, von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, the second order polynomial, and modified power function) were applied. The weight growth was followed by means of the modified von Bertalanffy equation.
The growth, size variability, condition coefficient and percentage of fish with external deformities were compared in juvenile crucian carp (initially 31 mm TL and 0.36 g BW) which were fed intensively four starters only for 120 days at 25ºC. The best weight gain was achieved by fish fed an experimental carp diet with the lowest fat content (7.4%) and a commercial diet for eel containing 15.9% fat (4.33 and 4.15 g BW, respectively). In contrast to the experimental diets, both commercial diets produced fish with high condition coefficient values and a very high (37.2 or 62.7%) percentage of individuals with different external deformities. Size variability did increase over the course of the experiment except in the fish fed the high-energy diet for eel. Survival rates ranged between 96.5 and 99.5%. Our results indicate that juvenile crucian carp can be successfully reared exclusively on dry diets but not the commercial ones for eel or carp used in the present experiment.
Background. The study was carried out in the shallow, eutrophic Oświn Lake, in the area of the Seven Islands ornithological reserve (north-eastern Poland) to determine the infection of fish with digeneans maturing in piscivorous birds. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the occurrence of Posthodiplostomum cuticola in fish from two parts of the reservoir differing in environmental conditions. The effect of fish size and season of sampling on the infection level was analysed. Materials and Methods. Within 1998 and 1999, a total of 1091 fishes of 8 species dominating in the lake were examined. Samples were collected four times a year (in May, July, August, and October) simultaneously from the two examined parts of the lake. Results. Metacercariae of P. cuticola occurred with a high prevalence and intensity of infection in roach, rudd, white bream, and carp bream, and sporadically in crucian carp and European perch. The intensity of infection of fish from the western part of the lake was significantly higher compared with the eastern part; roach from the western pool were much more infected than in the other reservoirs of north Poland. The infection of roach, white bream and carp bream increased with total body length (TL), such a relationship was not reported for rudd. The infection of roach, white bream and carp bream varied significantly in different experimental periods while differences in the infection of rudd in samples were incidental. Conclusion. Location-dependent occurrence of P. cuticola in fishes indicates that interchange between fish groups from the eastern and western pool of Oświn Lake is limited. Infection of rudd was of a more incidental character then the infection of roach, white bream, and carp bream.
Two experiments on newly hatched, 1-d-old, immobile and non-feeding larvae of carp (Cyprinus carpio Linne) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius (Linne)) were performed. Each experiment involved 3 treatments: WA (larvae + Acanthocyclops robustus); WAD (larvae + A.robustus + additional food for the cyclopoids consisting of Daphnia magna, rotifers, and ciliates); and W (larvae only; control). The carp larvae experiment took 5 days, while the crucian carp one proceeded for 6 days. During the experiments, the number of larvae in each treatment, their condition, degree of damage by A.robustus attacks as well as behaviour of both the larvae and cyclopoids were checked. The experiments demonstrated that A.robustus did attack the larvae, the attacks resulting in a considerable mortality. The mortality rate depended on the cyclopoid density as well as on the presence and quality of an alternative food supply.
The study was carried out on the alga Chlorella vulgaris and young specimens of crucian carp Carassius carassius. The algae and fish were exposed to a pesticide gamametox powder containing 0.6% of lindane and 3% of methoxychlor. Gas chromatography method was used to determine the content of these two active substances in the material. Based on the mean lindane and methoxychlor contents it was revealed that they were bioaccumulated at different levels of the trophic chain. Their accumulation was higher in fish than in algae, which were the source of their food. Their concentration in the muscles of crucian carp was higher when absorbed from food (i.e. Chlorella vulgaris cells), than directly from water. A similar situation was observed in relation to lindane content in the liver. In the brain, however, the concentration of both pesticides was diversioned or similar. The highest concentrations were revealed in the brain of crucian carp, slightly lower in the liver and the lowest in the muscles, i.e. edible parts of fish, irrespective of the way of absorption.
The content of DDT and its metabolites (p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDE) was determined in the muscles, liver and brain of crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.), carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), pike (Essox lucius L.) and sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus Haeckel) collected from breeding ponds in Knyszyn, Podlasie province. Two-stage column chromatography with Celit 545 and Florisil was used to extract DDT and its metabolites. Measurements were performed using a gas chromatograph, PYE Unicam 104 type, with an electron capture detector. Relatively low concentrations of polychlorine pesticides (including trace amounts) were found. The highest mean concentrations of DDTs were detected in the brain and liver (1.1650 and 0.5469 mg kg⁻¹ of tissue, respectively). In the muscles, the concentration was substantially lower ( 0.0530 mg kg⁻¹ of tissue).
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