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1
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Carbon balance in arable grey forest soils

100%
Larionova A. A., Rozanova L. N., Yevdokimov I. V., Blagodatsky S. A.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura
|
2003
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tom 58
2
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Effect of a land reclamation system on the volume and seasonality of nitrate runoff from croplands

100%
Koc J., Solarski K., Rochwerger A.
Journal of Elementology
|
2007
|
tom 12
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nr 2
The paper contains the results of eight-year-long studies on the runoff of nitrates from heavy soils used as croplands. The runoffs of nitrates from a drainage catchment and a catchment drained with ditches were compared. The drainage system was found to carry away twice as much water, with a five-fold higher concentration of nitrates and 20-fold higher load of nitrates, than the system of ditches. High runoff of nitrates (22 kg ha-1 annually) from the soils drained by drains was distributed quite evenly throughout the year, with maximum peaks in March and June. Nitrate runoff through the system of ditches was low (1.15 kg ha-1 annually), reaching maximum peaks in March and April (62% of the load), but disappearing in the summer.
3
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Influence of groundwater depth and available soil water on evapotranspiration and plant growth

84%
Renger M., Wessolek G.
International Agrophysics
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2000
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tom 14
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nr 1
4

Enchytraeids [Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta] in midfield shelterbelts of different age and in adjoining croplands

67%
Nowak E.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2007
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tom 55
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nr 4
The objective of this paper was to recognize the influence of forest strips planted (as the shelterbelts) in agricultural area, on adjoining cereal fields basing on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid community. Species composition, density and individual size of enchytraeids were estimated in October and April 2003–2005 along two transects: 6 and 11 years old shelterbelts > ecotones > fields (at a distance of 15 and 50 m. from the wood strip) and in two reference sites: large (about 100 ha) forest stand and the field (“control” field) located in deforested area. The results have been compared with the published results of the previous studies made in the same area four years before (1999–2000). Samples were collected with soil corer 10 cm2 in area and 15 cm deep. Ten samples in each site were taken twice a year. Sixteen species were found in total. The range of density and biomass of enchytraeids for all study sites accounted for 1.6 to 15.3 ind.m⁻² and 55 to 956 mg f.wt. m⁻² (i.e.15– 308 mg d.w.) respectively. The lowest density was obserwed in the control field located in the deforested area. However, density and biomass of enchytraeids in the fields accounted for 67% and 47% respectively of those in shelterbelts. Species composition of enchytraeids in the young (2–11 yrs old) forest strips and in the adjacent fields was similar, however different from those in the forest stand and in old (150 yrs) shelterbelt. The response of enchytraeids to grass litter introduced on the soil surface was assessed in the experiment performed in a control field and in the transect of wood strip > field. The 7–10 portions of dried grass Dactylis glomerata (L.), (10 g each) were exposed in each plot for 12 and 18 months. More animals was found in the upper soil layer taken below the exposed litter as well as the density of all enchytraeids and percent share of the dominant genus Enchytraeus increased in the soil after 18 months of litter exposure.
5

Soil and litter macrofauna in shelterbelts and in adjacent croplands: changes in community structure after tree planting

67%
Olechowicz E.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2007
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tom 55
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nr 4
Studies were carried out in the vicinity of Turew near Poznań (Western Poland) in the years 2003 and 2004 in three midfield shelterbelts of different age (150, 11, 6 years old) and along two transects across shelterbelt (6 and 11 years old) >ecotone> field at distances 15 and 50m from the shelterbelt. The field located in deforested area was treated as the control. The studies were aimed at estimating the changes in community structure (composition, density, biomass) of soil and litter macrofauna, (mainly dipteran larvae), related to shelterbelt age both within shelterbelts as in adjoining fields. The results were compared to previous studies carried out in 1999–2000 in the same agricultural landscape. The density and biomass of soil and litter macrofauna were many times higher in shelterbelts (2827–870 ind. m⁻² and 3782–521 mg.d.wt. m⁻²) than in fields (483–53 ind. m⁻² and 101–12 mg.d.wt. m⁻²) and increased with the age of planted trees. The same was true for taxonomic richness. Ecotone zone of both transects was characterised by the greatest density and biomass of animals, mainly those of mobile epigeic animals, particularly the ants. The density and biomass values were declining in the field with the increasing distance from the shelterbelt. Across the transect of an older (10–11 years old) shelterbelt and adjacent field the density and biomass of studied animals were higher in all plots than across the younger (5–6 years old) one. It can be concluded, that the effect of the shelterbelt increases with age of planted trees. The results confirm the previous suggestions of the enhancement of the field macrofauna by forested strips. The highest similarity in taxonomic and dominance structure was found between the shelterbelts and their ecotones and they differed significantly from those in the field.
6

Episodic channels and the development of dry valleys in cropland

67%
Teisseyre A. K.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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1991-1992
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tom 17-18
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