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1

Modelling the calvarium diploe

100%
Skrzat J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 2
132-135
The paper presents the effects of computer modelling of the inner structure of the calvarium from CT scans using MeeSoft Image Analyzer software. This software generates a model image, which can be enlarged and viewed from different angles without visible distortion or blurring of the contours. Similar manipulation with the original CT scan produces destructive effects, which hinder visualisation of the anatomical structures.
2

Content of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates in antlers and cranial bones of the European red deer [Cervus elaphus] depending on age and industrial pollution of the environment

72%
Nowicka W., Machoy Z., Gutowska I., Nocen I., Piotrowska S., Chlubek D.
Journal of Elementology
|
2005
|
tom 10
|
nr 4 Suppl.1
77-78
3

Osteological characteristics of selected cranial bones of juvenile reciprocal hybrids of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and sea trout, Salmo trutta L.

72%
Kirczuk L., Domagala J.
Archives of Polish Fisheries
|
2011
|
tom 19
|
nr 1
Four cranial bones (supraethmoid, glossohyal, premaxilla, vomer) of nine-month-old reciprocal hybrids of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta and the arrangement of the opercular bones in reciprocal hybrids aged from 4 to 24 months were analyzed. The supraethmoid bone in the majority of the hybrids studied was similar to that of salmon. In some hybrids, an atypical additional process was found on the lower part of the supraethmoid bone. The large process of the premaxilla bone had a short base in the two groups of hybrids as in salmon, and it was low as in trout. The shape of the vomer plate was intermediate between a triangle (as in trout) and a pentagon (as in salmon) in the majority of salmon x trout hybrids and almost half of the trout x salmon hybrids. The glossohyal in some hybrids had an uneven number of teeth in each row, and these rows of teeth were uneven.
4
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Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the titanosaurian sauropod Bonitasaura salgadoi

58%
Gallina P., Apesteguia S.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
|
2011
|
tom 56
|
nr 1
Knowledge of titanosaurian cranial anatomy has improved substantially in the last decade because several skulls have come to light or were restudied. The discovery of Bonitasaura salgadoi, a partial titanosaurian skeleton including cranial bones, permitted the definitive recognition of square jaws in a titanosaurian sauropod as well as a peculiar skull morphology that increases the morphological diversity of the group. Here we present a full description and illustration of the skull material of B. salgadoi. Among cranial bones, the lacrimal, quadrate, and dentary exhibit apomorphic differences from those of other titanosaurians. Conversely, the frontal and parietal are more conservative. A phylogenetic analysis recovers B. salgadoi as a member of the Titanosauria, related to mid−sized to large titanosauroids from the Turonian–Campanian of South America, in contrast to a previous hypothesis that suggested a nemegtosaurid affinity. The skull reconstruction presented here shows that the skull of B. salgadoi is anteroposteriorly short and dorsoventrally high, contrasting with the elongate skull of Rapetosaurus krausei.
5

Contents of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in antlers and cranial bones of the European red deer [Cervus elaphus] from different regions in Western Poland

58%
Nowicka W., Machoy Z., Gutowska I., Nocen I., Piotrowska S., Chlubek D.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2006
|
tom 15
|
nr 2
Annual shedding of antlers by males is a characteristic feature of most deer species. Regrowth is very fast, reaching 2 cm/day for some species and making them an interesting model for studying tissue regeneration processes. The aim of this study was to compare the contents of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in antlers and cranial bones of European red deer from Western Pomerania, Poland. We obtained 30 antlers from three forestry districts that differed in the extent of environmental pollution with fluorine compounds, SO₂, NOx, CO, and CO₂ (Trzebież, Rokita and Gryfino). Deer were assigned to two age groups: from 2 to 4 years, and from 6 to 8 years. Powdered samples of cranial bones and antler base obtained with a dental drill were dissolved in nitric acid. Calcium and magnesium contents were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, while phosphorus was determined colorimetrically. The content of calcium was higher in antlers - (mean 133.96 mg/g) hardly surprising given the higher calcified cartilage and immature bone content in antler as opposed to cranial bone (mean 123.79 mg/g). Phosphorus content was slightly higher in bones than in antlers (84.62 mg/g and 83.58 mg/g, respectively), which suggests that Ca:P ratios are different in the mineral phase or that there is more P in bone compared to the antler matrix. No difference in magnesium content was noted (5.23 to 5.46 mg/g). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences depending on age of the animal and level of industrial pollution in the animal's habitat.
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