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Strong bee colonies rear more brood and produce more honey than weak colonies. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between the strength of bee colonies, the amount of brood reared, and the amount of honey produced. Thirty bee colonies of different strength were observed. The amount of brood reared in each colony was determined one month before the beginning of the nectar flow from winter rape and the production of honey after the nectar flow period. A significant positive correlation was established between the strength of the bee colony and brood amount (r = 0.442), between colony strength and honey production (r = 0.456), and between brood amount and honey production (r = 0.568).
The objective of this study was to analyse the correlation between aortic diameter, heart size, and type of coronary circulation. The study was carried out on 102 human hearts (59 male and 43 female). Casts of the vascular system of each heart were prepared using epoxide resins. The hearts were measured for their size and aorta diameter, and classified to a coronary circulation type. The examination of materials indicated no significant correlation between aortic diameter and sex or coronary circulation type. However, a statistically significant correlation between aortic diameter and heart volume index was found. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 30–34)
In this article the relationship between Total Supplier Management and product recall is presented. Survey results will confirm that Total Supplier Management (TSM) is an important success factor of Product Recall Management (PRM). Based on a survey on quality assurance and product recall management in automotive, the different group opinion on market positions and the importance of major aspects of quality assurance and product recall management has been analyzed. In result, the importance and details of total supplier management compared to quality assurance and product recall management could be correlated. This information has been derived step by step and by means of direct auto-correlation techniques. Both motivation and hindering factors for supplier integration are discussed, and it could be shown that good total supplier management helps reduce costs and product faults improving collaboration. TSM has a positive effect on current and future preparedness for quality assurance and product recalls, and will be an absolute necessity for distributed modern markets.
Knowledge of in vivo relationship between the coactivator PPARGC1A and its target genes is very limited, especially in the pig. In this study, a real-time PCR experiment was performed on longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) and backfat with 10 presumed PPARGC1A downstream target genes, involved in energy and fat metabolism, to identify possible relationships with PPARGC1A mRNA expression in vivo in the pig (n = 20). Except for UCP3 and LPL, a very significant difference in expression was found between MLD and backfat for all genes (P < 0.01). Hierarchical cluster analysis and the significant pairing of mRNA expression data between sampling locations suggested a genetic regulation of the expression of several target genes. A positive correlation with PPARGC1A was found for CPT1B, GLUT4, PDK4, and TFAM(P < 0.0001). A negative correlation was found for UCP2, FABP4, LEP (P < 0.0001), and TNF (P = 0.0071). No significant correlation was detected for UCP3 and LPL. This study provides evidence for a clear difference in mRNA expression of crucial genes in fat and energy metabolism between 2 important tissues. Our data suggest a clear impact of PPARGC1A on energy and lipid metabolism in vivo in the pig, through several of these downstream target genes.
Analysis of relationships between traits is an important stage in research. These results determine the decisions taken at further stages of research as well as those made when realising successive experiments. The paper presents results of an analysis of relationships between twelve traits of two types of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars differing in leaf blade senescence rates: ES Palazzo and ES Paroli SG. Analysed traits: assimilation surface area (ASA), ear weight (EW), ear weight fraction (EWF), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight (LW), leaf weight fraction (LWF), number of leaves (NL), plant weight (PW), specific leaf area (SLA), stem weight (SW) and stem weight fraction (SWF). Recorded results indicate positive correlations between: LW–SW, LW–PW, EW–SW, PW–SW, EW–PW, EW–EWF, SLA–LAR and negative correlations of LW–SLA, LAR–SW, PW–SLA, PW–LAR, SWF–EWF for both types of maize cultivars in all the three years of experiments.
The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of cultivation technologies (extensive vs. high-input) on correlations between wheat grain quality parameters, such as falling number value, wet gluten content and grain hardness, and the content of phenolic compounds, such as total free phenolic compounds and alkylresorcinols. ąIt was found high values of correlation coefficient between falling number value and wet gluten, and among analysed groups of polyphenols. Grain hardness was associated with content of wet gluten and falling number values. Additional significant correlations were observed inside each cultivar. Determined technological value indices (falling number value, wet gluten content and grain hardness) were primarily dependent on the cultivation technology, whereas the contents of the phenolic compounds and alkylresorcinols were mostly related to the wheat genotype.
The measurements have been performed in the nursery in the years 2007–2013 to study differences in size and correlations between selected growth factors in “knipboom” trees of 6 apple cultivars on M.9 rootstock. The trees of ‘Jonagold Decosta’ (‘Red Jonaprince’ in 2013) and ‘Fuji Beni Shogun’ showed the strongest growth, ‘Šampion’ and ‘Camspur’ the weakest one, whereas ‘Gala Must’ and ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ were characterized by moderate vigor. Mean length of one feather increased from the tree top towards its base, but did not depend significantly on the number of laterals per tree. Correlations between growth factors were similar to those found in maiden apple trees and the closest ones were between total length of lateral shoots and their number on the tree. A trunk diameter had stronger correlations with other growth parameters than tree height.
This research was conducted to determine the interrelationships between yield and some yield components, and direct and indirect effects of such components on yield in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications using fourteen inbred lines of cabbage in Samsun, Turkey during 2011–2012. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were performed on 11 economic traits such as plant height, plant diameter, width of outer leaf, length of outer leaf, head weight, head diameter, head length, core length, diameter of interior stem, days to maturity and yield. A wide range of variation was observed among the cabbage genotypes for all the traits. It was found that all of the yield components except days to maturity and core length had highly significant and positive correlations with yield. The highest significant positive correlation was obtained between yield and head weight (r = 0.927**). Path coefficient analysis indicated that head weight (0.7139, 56.81%) had the highest positive direct effect on yield followed by head length (0.2265, 23.82%) and plant diameter (0.1907, 16.59%). As a result, head weight, head length, plant diameter, plant height, width of outer leaf, length of outer leaf, head diameter and diameter of interior stem could be effectively used as selection criteria in the breeding programme of cabbage varieties with high yielding, because these traits were the most important yield components affecting yield in cabbage.
Proteinase inhibitors from squash seeds were analyzed for mutational variability. The non-homologous positions were subjected to an analysis of the interrelation between occurring residues and the mechanism of variability, using the algorithm of genetic semihomology [1]. The study also concerned mutational correlation at particular positions and their contact with each other. It was observed that: the number of residues occupying particular positions varies from 1 to 8 the mechanism of variability is based on single point mutation the variable positions are seldom in contact with each other the mutations in distant positions (not in contact with each other) are correlated with each other the correlated mutations refer to those positions which are far from the reactive site of the inhibitor the mutational variability in primary structure within this family is not consistent with the Markovian model of amino acid replacement.
A group of 180 patients with diagnosed Lyme borreliosis were examined for the presence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l.) by serologic tests with B. burgdorferi s.l. antigens (IgM-ELISA, IgG-ELISA, IgM-immunoblot, IgG-immunoblot) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, nested-PCR) for detection of B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA in peripheral blood. A total of 61.7%, 53.9%, 62.2%, and 59.4% of the examined patients’ sera showed positive or borderline results in the serologic tests IgM-ELISA, IgG-ELISA, IgM-immunoblot, and IgG immunoblot, respectively. The results of the tests IgM-ELISA and IgM-immunoblot were significantly correlated (p<0.001). A higher degree of the correlation (p<0.000001) was found at the comparison of results obtained with IgG-ELISA and IgG-immunoblot. The correlation between the positive findings in the IgM-ELISA and detection with IgM-immunoblot the diagnostically important B. burgdorferi s.l. OspC surface protein was relatively low but statistically significant (0.01B. burgdorferi s.l. antigen, the VlsE protein (p<0.000001). The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA was found by PCR in 20 out 180 examined blood samples (11.1%). No correlation was found to exist between the PCR results and the results of any of the serologic tests for detection of anti B. burgdorferi s.l. antibodies of IgM class. PCR results correlated significantly at a relatively low level (0.01Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.
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