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The composition of the extract from coriander fruits (Coriandrum sativum L.) obtained by extraction with liquid C02 has been investigated. The extract yield is 0.8%. Yield of vola­tile components and glyceride oil is 0.43% and 0.13% (with respect to the raw material), respectively and 55% and 16.5% (with respect to the extract), respectively. The main vola­tile components were linalool (71.6%) and a-pinene (6.3%). Many fatty acids of glyceride oil are petroselinic+oleic (C,8:1 66.9%) and palmitic (C16:0 8.6%).
Skład olejku z Coriandrum sativum L., uzyskanego za pomocą destylacji wodnej, destylacji ciśnieniowej i ekstrakcji heksanem, analizowano przy użyciu GC/MS. Najwyższą wydajność olejku otrzymano w trakcie ekstrakcji (1,63%). Zawierał on w swoim składzie linalol (63, 3%), α-pinen (6,1 %) i p-cymen (5,0%). W olejkach uzyskanych na drodze destylacji wodnej i destylacji ciśnieniowej zawartość tych składników była wyższa.
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the essential oil constituents of coriander and caraway when treated with UHP and/or elevated temperatures in a helium atmosphere. The UHP and/or heat treatment was conducted for 30 mins at 800 MPa, the temperature range was 60-121°C. The changes in the volatile oil content did not exceed 5% in all the treatment conditions. The pressure and temperature processing altered the composition of the essential oils of spices, which was examined using the GC-MS method. The most important sensory compounds, namely linalool in coriander oil and carvone in caraway oil, were not essentially changed after the processing. The final oil composition was different in the pressurised and not pressurised samples heated at the same temperature.
Six coriander accessions of different origins were grown on an experimental field in Mošorin, Serbia during 2014. The GC/MS analysis of the essential oil showed that the major components in all samples were linalool (69.3–72.0%), γ-terpinene (6.0–9.6%) and α-pinene (6.7–8.2%), while other compounds were present at less than 5%. Antifungal activity of coriander oils against two phytopathogenic fungi from Colletotrichum genus (C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides) was evaluated using the inverted petriplate method. Experiments show that coriander essential oil has antifungal properties against the apple bitter rot pathogens from Colletotrichum genus, but only at higher application rates (≥ 0.16 μl/ml of air). According to the obtained data, it can be concluded that tested coriander accessions differ in essential oil content and composition, as well as in influence on mycelial growth. Coriander essential oil has potential for being applied as a biological control agent against these two fungi from Colletotrichum genus.
The yield and composition of essential oil obtained from the fruits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cultivated in Poland were investigated. Experiments were carried out by means of the hydrodistillation method using Clevenger and Deryng apparatus. No effect of the apparatus’ construction on the essential oil yield was observed during a 2-h process (yield of 1.62%). The composition of the coriander essential oil was determined by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components were linalool (78.45%), α-pinene (5.03%), camphor (3.90%), γ-terpinene (3.80%), D-limonene (2.58%) and geranyl acetate (2.13%). Moreover, the influence of different factors, such as time of hydrodistillation, sodium chloride addition and method modification by using microwave heating on essential oil yield, was studied. The addition of sodium chloride to distilled water did not affect the yield of essential oil, but slightly increased the content of camphor. Replacing conventional heating with microwaves during 15-min experiments enhanced the yield of essential oil from 1.20 to 1.35% and had a slightly greater influence on its composition, increasing the contents of some less volatile components: linalool, camphor, geraniol, p-cymene and D-limonene. The results obtained indicate that microwave heating may be a supporting method for the production of coriander essential oil using the hydrodistillation process.
To investigate the changes in selected morphological traits and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sati- vum L.) in response to fertilization and salicylic acid foliar spraying under different irrigation intervals, two field experiments were conducted as split-factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2014 and 2015. Treatments were three irrigation intervals (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan) and combination of fertilization (control, urea 100 kg ha–1, Nitrokara (bio-fertilizer), and 50% urea + Nitrokara) and salicylic acid (0 and 1 mM) that were allocated to the main and sub-plots, respectively. The results showed that plant height, length of the longest internode, stem diameter, branches per plant, dry weights of roots and leaves and fruit yield of coriander were reduced and root length enhanced with increasing the irrigation intervals. However, all of the nitrogen fertilizers, especially combined application of 50% urea and Nitrokara, and salicylic acid spraying, improved the selected morphological traits, and consequently fruit yield per unit area under favorable and limited irrigations.
The aim of this study, which was conducted in field conditions on three localities in Serbia during two years, was to investigate the influence of the application of various types of fertilizers on the essential oil content in caraway, anise and coriander fruits. The influence of four organic fertilizers was investigated: two microbiological fertilizers (Slavol and Bactofil B-10), two specific organic fertilizers (Royal Ofert biohumus and vermicompost). Also, the chemical fertilizer was used and there was a control plot without any fertilization. From the results, it can be concluded that the application of different fertilizers has an influence on essential oil content only in case of anise fruits. The application of Royal Ofert biohumus shows the best results, after which follows chemical fertilizer. The use of these two types of fertilizers significantly increased the essential oil content in the anise fruits in comparison with other tested treatments. Although differences in the essential oil content of caraway and coriander were not significant, the two above mentioned fertilizers and vermicompost show the best results.
Results of the study on coriander's yielding under conditions of irrigation and differentia­ted nitrogen fertilization doses are presented in the paper. A field experiment was carried out in the years 1999-2002 on the soil classified to Ilia quality class at Nadroż village, district of Rypin. Both irrigation and nitrogen fertilization had a significant influence on yields of fruits. The optimum nitrogen dose was 50 kg • ha '. The highest content of coriander oil in fruits (2.83%, on average) was noted on irrigated plots fertilized with nitrogen dose of 70 kg ha1. Both irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the yield of oil. The optimum nitrogen dose was 50 kg ha1. The highest irrigation water use efficiency occurred in the wet and warm year 2001, and the lowest one in 1999 (1.00 kg ha1 mm1). Total use efficiency of water from irrigation and rainfall was more equalized than the ir­rigation water use efficiency during the study. The best results of 1 kg nitrogen use were obtained on irrigation plots and the highest differences in use of nitrogen, as dependent on water factor, were obtained with dose of 50 kg N ha1.
Obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowania konsumentów doprawianiem potraw świeżymi ziołami, spożywanymi nie tylko ze względów smakowych, ale również z uwagi na ich walory prozdrowotne. Uznano za celowe przeprowadzenie pilotażowej oceny wybranych świeżych ziół i warzyw przyprawowych zakupionych w krajowych supermarketach poprzez ustalenie w nich zakresu jakościowego pozostałości pestycydów – w aspekcie ich dopuszczalności oraz zawartości w odniesieniu do ustalonych wartości NDP (Najwyższej Dopuszczalnej Pozostałości). Próbki bazylii, koperku, natki pietruszki, szczypiorku, melisy, lubczyku, kolendry oraz mięty poddano analizie chromatograficznej w laboratorium Polskiego Centrum Akredytacji. Wykazano, że 91,7 % próbek zawierało w swoim składzie pozostałości środków ochrony roślin, w tym w dwóch próbkach stwierdzono przekroczenia dopuszczalnej wartości NDP, a także niezgodność w wykorzystaniu pestycydów z obowiązującymi regulacjami prawnymi. Wskazuje to na konieczność stałego monitorowania pozostałości pestycydów w surowcach roślinnych, w tym w świeżych ziołach i warzywach przyprawowych. Celem sformułowania bardziej szczegółowych wniosków, a także określenia zależności pomiędzy obecnością danego pestycydu a gatunkiem świeżego zioła oraz miejscem jego zakupu konieczne jest przeprowadzenie dalszych badań obejmujących większą liczbę prób. Prowadzenie tego rodzaju badań ma szczególnie istotne znaczenie ze względu na bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne konsumenta. Wydaje się jednak, że korzyści wynikające ze spożywania świeżych ziół w zwyczajowych ilościach są bardziej istotne niż ryzyko, jakie niesie ze sobą ich zanieczyszczenie pozostałościami pestycydów (na poziomie wykazanym w badaniach własnych).
The purpose of the study was to determine influence of natural essential oils, i.e. coriander and petitgrain oils on mortality of foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kalt.) occurring on tobacco. The above mentioned oils were used at the concentration of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1%. The mortality of pest was evaluated 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. Natural essential oils such as coriander oil and petitgrain oil may be useful in the control of foxglove aphid (A. solani). After application of these oils mortality of the pest was significant and amounted to 81.20–99.47% and 89.80–99.50%, respectively (72 hours after treatment).
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