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Binding capacity is the homotropic second derivative of the binding potential with respect to the chemical potential of the ligand. It provides a measure of steepness of the binding isotherm and represents the extent of cooperativity. In the present study, the shape of the binding capacity curve for various systems was investigated and the relation between binding capacity and the extent of cooperativity examined. In this regard, a novel linear graphical method was introduced for binding data analysis. The stoichiometry of binding and the extent of cooperativity can be determined by this method. This method has been successfully applied to various systems such as binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, warfarin to human serum albumin and dodecyl- trimethylammonium bromide to a-amylase.
Regulation of muscle contraction is a very cooperative process. The presence of tropomyosin on the thin filament is both necessary and sufficient for cooperativity to occur. Data recently obtained with various tropomyosin isoforms and mutants help us to understand better the structural requirements in the thin filament for cooperative protein interactions. Forming an end-to-end overlap between neighboring tropomyosin molecules is not necessary for the cooperativity of the thin filament acti­vation. When direct contacts between tropomyosin molecules are disrupted, the conformational changes in the filament are most probably transmitted cooperatively through actin subunits, although the exact nature of these changes is not known. The function of tropomyosin ends, alternatively expressed in various isoforms, is to confer specific actin affinity. Tropomyosin's affinity or actin is directly related to the size of the apparent cooperative unit defined as the number of actin subunits turned into the active state by binding of one myosin head. Inner sequences of tropomyosin, particu­larly actin-binding periods 3 to 5, play crucial role in myosin-induced activation of the thin filament. A plausible mechanism of tropomyosin function in this process is that inner tropomyosin regions are either specifically recognized by myosin or they define the right actin conformation required for tropomyosin movement from its blocking position.
Agrarianism is a programme, a policy, or a social movement, whose aim is to improve the position of farming. Polish agrarianism assumes a leading role of farming and farmers in the economy, class unity in the country, superiority of privately owned family farms ever other forms agricultural economies. It reveals a negative attitude to monopolies and large landowners. Agrarianism attached primary importance to the development of cooperatives, which assist family farms. It actively promotes the idea of local councils. Polish agrarianism intends to achieve its aims by making changes in people's attitudes, education, culture and legislation.
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