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Biotechnology has potential to enhance the production of agricultural and industrial products for achieving food security and economic development. In agriculture, biotechnology enhances the production of high yielding and disease resistance crops necessary for achieving food security and industrial development. This paper examines the constraints in the application of biotechnology research to the production of cassava in Nigeria. The study utilized primary data collected through questionnaire administration and interview from three research institutions working on cassava biotechnology in Nigeria. Findings showed that weak infrastructural facilities, poor funding, inadequate competent personnel and absence of appropriate legislation are the constraints in the application of biotechnology to cassava production in Nigeria. In addition, one out of the three research institutions has adequate and regular electricity supply through its own captive power plant while the remaining two research institutions relied more on electricity from the national grid. Inadequate funding and shortage of competent personnel were peculiar challenge confronting all the research institutions covered by the study. The study recommends improvement in electricity supply, production of more biotechnology scientists and adequate funding to enhance biotechnology research in Nigeria.
Introduction. The present study aimed to examine snowboarders’ motives, constraints and place attachment levels with reference to their chosen skiing resort. Furthermore, the study aimed to check whether place attachment can predict snowboarders’ intention to continue participating in the activity. Material and Methods. The study sample consisted of two hundred and eighty snowboarders (n = 280). The leisure constraints and place attachment questionnaires were used. Results. The results of the study indicated that the feeling of excitement, fun and enjoyment were the most important motives, while the financial dimension had the highest mean score on the scale of constraints followed by the facilities/services (4.9) dimension. In terms of the “place attachment” construct, the place dependence factor had the highest mean score. Finally, the place dependence dimension offered the most signifi cant contribution to the prediction of behavioral intentions (t = 5.09, p < 0.001), followed by place identity (t = 2.32, p < 0.05). Conclusions. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.
The aim of the article is to give an insight to the problems of the Hungarian organic farming and to highlight the areas which should be developing in order to improve the domestic market and access more export market. This article presents the results of two surveys. Questionnaires were sent to the Hungarian organic farmers. The questions in the questionnaires differed from each other since the aims of the surveys varied. The answers received and the information gathered served as a good basis for the analyses of the state of the sector and the factors which impede competitiveness. No obvious relation can be found between the increase of stakeholders integrated in the supply chain and the extent of the farmers’ share from the profit on products. In organic animal keeping, long-term relations are characteristic, which rarely work without problems. According to the farmers’ opinion, the most important hindering factors of production are the lack of solvent demand and adequate promotion activities, also underpinned by the two empirical surveys.
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