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Conservation genetics – science in the service of nature

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Taskin C., Skorupski J.

Acta Biologica

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2020

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tom 27

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ISSR analysis points to relict character of Aconitum bucovinense Zapal. (Ranunculaceae) at the range margin

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Boron P., Zalewska-Galosz J., Sutkowska A., Zemanek B., Mitka J.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2011

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tom 80

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nr 4

Aconitum bucovinense, a high-mountain species endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, including the Apuseni Mountains, is legally protected and classified in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. It attains its NW geographical range in two peripheral populations in the Western Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Eastern Carpathians), isolated by a distance of 13.1 km. PCR-ISSR analysis has been used to elucidate the within- and among-populational levels of species genetic diversity. A UPGMA and block clustering showed discreteness of the populations and subpopulations based on ISSR banding pattern. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant divergence (P = 0.024) of the two marginal populations and highly significant (P < 0.001) differentiation of subpopulations within populations. The theta index calculated for the two marginal populations and the core population in the Carpathians was 0.131 ±0.030 S.D. Most of the population-genetic diversity indices of the marginal populations were not different from those in the core area but the Shannon’s and rarity indices were lower in the marginal populations. It seems that founder effect and subsequent genetic bottleneck resulted in a fine-scale population genetic structure. The marginal populations under study need a relevant recovery program to maintain their genetic diversity.

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Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations

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Scribner K. T.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

Natural populations of many species are increasingly impacted by human activities. Perturbations are particularly pronunced for large ungulates due in part to sport and commercial harvest, to reductions and fragmentation of native habitat, and as the result of reintroductions. These perturbations affect population size, sex and age composition, and population breeding structure, and as a consequence affect the levels and partitioning of genetic variation. Three case histories highlighting long-term ecological genetic research on mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817), white-tailed deer O. virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780), and Alpine ibex Capra i. ibex Linnaeus, 1758 are presented. Joint examinations of population ecological and genetic data from several populations of each species reveal: (1) that populations are not in genetic equilibrium, but that allele frequencies and heterozygosity change dramatically over time and among cohorts produced in successive years, (2) populations are genetically structured over short and large geographic distances reflecting local breeding structure and patterns of gene flow, respectively; however, this structure is quite dynamic over time, due in part to population exploitation, and (3) restocking programs are often undertaken with small numbers of founding individuals resulting in dramatic declines in levels of genetic variability and increasing levels of genetic differentiation among populations due to genetic drift. Genetic characteristics have and will continue to provide valuable indirect sources of information relating enviromental and human perturbations to changes in population processes.

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Effects of fragmentation and isolation on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos

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Randi E.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

During the last centuries many West European populations of wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 and brown bear Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 have been extirpated from most of their former ranges. Isolated populations of wolves (about 300 - 400 animals) and brown bears (about 80 - 100 animals) actually survive in the Italian Apennines, while very few (5 - 10) brown bears remain in the Italian eastern Alps. We have investigated the consequences of isolation, demographic decline, and random drift on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf and brown bear using restriction site analysis and nucleotide sequencing of portions of the mitochondrial genome. The studied sequences were homogeneous within-populations of both species, but there was a fixed difference in mtDNA between brown bears form the Alps and from the Apennines. Random drift since the time of isolation is a plausible explanation for both results. These findings suggest that wolves and bears have small effective population sizes and, thus, they will continue to loose genetic variability by random drift in the near future. Conservation efforts should be directed towards an increase of the annual growth rates of these populations. The individualization of discrete phylogeographic units in the brown bear suggests to manage them separately in order to preserve the existing gene diversity among populations.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Acta Theriologica. Supplement

1 Acta Biologica

1 Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

1 Boron P.

1 Mitka J.

1 Randi E.

1 Scribner K. T.

1 Skorupski J.

1 Sutkowska A.

1 Taskin C.

1 Zalewska-Galosz J.

1 Zemanek B.

1 2020

1 2011

2 1993

Conservation genetics – science in the service of nature

ISSR analysis points to relict character of Aconitum bucovinense Zapal. (Ranunculaceae) at the range margin

Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations

Effects of fragmentation and isolation on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos