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The article presents changes in thermal and precipitation conditions on Polish territory in the years 1971–2010 based on data from six meteorological stations (Koszalin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Lublin, Opole and Kraków). These data concern the monthly average air temperature, precipitation and the number of days with precipitation per month. Based on the analysis of changing trends in the study of meteorological elements, authors observed an increase in the mean annual air temperature of about 0.9°C over 10 years in all localities. In contrast, trends in the average monthly air temperatures were characterised by temporal and spatial variation. As a result of the increase in temperature, there was a change in the dates signifying the beginning and the end of the thermal periods: farming (OG), vegetation (OW), intensive vegetation (OIW) and maturation or thermal summers (OD/L). A tendency for these periods to start earlier was noted. Statistically signifi cant changes were found for the following periods: vegetation in Koszalin and Olsztyn, intensive vegetation at all stations and thermal summer only in Lublin. An increasingly later end to these periods was noted, and statistically signifi cant trends were found for the dates of the end of the following periods: maturation (thermal summer) at all stations except Opole, intensive vegetation in Poznań and Lublin and vegetation in Lublin and Opole. Seasonal and monthly precipitation totals in the years 1971–2010 were characterised by cyclicality. Signifi cant upward trends were found only in the case of monthly precipitation totals in August in Koszalin and the sum of precipitation in the cooler half of the year in Poznań. In contrast, there was more days with precipitation at all stations included in the study, but the statistical signifi cance of trends varied by location. Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions were accompanied by, among other factors, an increase in temperature, changes in the length of thermal periods and an increase in the frequency of rainfall. All of this is important information for the agricultural sector regarding changing crop conditions.
Fluctuating asymmetry of skull characters, as a measure of developmental stability, wás studied in two seal species: grey seal Halichoerus gry pus (Fabricius, 1791), and ringed seal Pusa hispida Schreber, 1775 from the Baltic Sea. Seals were collected in three different periods of water pollution of the Baltic Sea. We revealed the same temporal dynamics of fluctuating asymmetry level for both species: it proved to be low in "pre-pollution period" (years 1877-1936), high for the "high-pollution period" (1964-1975), and was again low for the "low-pollution period" (1986-1990). These data suggest that changes in the condition of the seal populations in the Baltic Sea revealed by changes in developmental stability are correlated with the dynamics of the pollution level.
In the paper the hydrological conditions of a protected peatland are presented. Some changes of natural flora probably caused by the changes of water conditions, are observed in this area. Analysis indicate that there may be a number of possible causes responsible for the deterioration of aquatic and peatland systems. The lowering of the surface and ground water table was probably triggered by: Digging of ditches for the agriculture purposes. Their negative impact consists primarily in accelerating outflow of spring waters which under natural conditions remained for a long period on the surface of the terrain. Eutrofication of paludic and aquatic sites causing an increase in biomass production (higher evapotranspiration). Occurrence of a series of dry years with low precipitation and high temperatures. The analysis showed as well that it is often difficult to estimate the reasons of water condition changes in hydrogenic sites.
Effect of variable temperature and moisture content conditions on selected properties of wood-CFRP composite Intended structural application of wood-CFRP composite requires analysis of its properties in time function, including environmental conditions changes. The paper presents results of selected mechanical and physical properties of composite, using artificial aging methods. It was shown that artificial aging cycles determined according to standards and other regulations, relating to 1 year of natural aging, caused a decrease of composite's density, as well as a significant decrease of Young's modulus, with negligible change in the values of bending strength.
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