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Biomechanical characteristics of rowing

100%
Ogurkowska M., Kawalek K., Zygmanska M.
Trends in Sport Sciences
|
2015
|
tom 22
|
nr 2
Competitive rowing demands long-term, unilateral and nonphysiological training. This discipline requires not only technical preparation, but also strength and endurance training, which is largely conducive to the occurrence of micro-traumas that can cumulate and lead to a spectrum of overloading changes in the motor organs, particularly in the lumbar spine. The factor most conducive to the occurrence of pathological changes in the spine is the rowing cycle, both on water and on ergometer, wherein the athlete performs multiple repetitions of maximum flexion and extension in the sagittal plane of the lumbar spine. Of note is the fact that during a single, 90-minute training session the rower engages over 70% of his or her overall muscle mass, performing 1800 cycles of flexion and extension. These motions performed with oars as additional weights lead to the overloading of both the active and the passive spine stabilization system. Moreover, the system is impacted by compression forces in excess of 6000 N that can lead to destruction of the motor system. It is therefore necessary to understand the biomechanics of spine movements and to perform the biomechanical analysis of rowing, as well as use conclusions from the analysis in the training process in order to counteract overloading changes in the motor system, particularly the spine.
2

Changes in mechanical properties and microstructure of root of celery after thermal treatment

84%
Slaska-Grzywna B.
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
|
2010
|
tom 10
3

The results of compression forces applied to the isolated human calvaria

84%
Tubbs R. S., Murphy R. L., Golden J. B., Etheridge B., Wellons J. C., Blount J. P., Salter E. G., Oakes W. J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
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tom 64
|
nr 4
321-325
Data for the force necessary to fracture the isolated calvaria (skull cap) are not available in the extant literature. Twenty dry adult calvaria were tested to failure quasistatically at the vertex using a 15-kN load cell. The forces necessary to fracture or cause diastasis of calvarial sutures were then documented and gross examination of the specimens made. Failure forces had a mean measurement of 2772 N. Initial fractures did not cross suture lines. Prior to complete destruction of the calvaria there were 7 specimens in which all sutures of the calvaria became diastatic, 6 specimens in which the calvaria became diastatic along only the coronal sutures, 2 specimens in which the calvaria became diastatic along only the sagittal suture and 5 specimens in which there were diagonal linear parietal bone fractures. Our hopes are that these data may contribute to the structural design of more safer protective devices for use in our society, assist in predicting injury and aid in the construction of treatment paradigms.
4

Some physical properties of spelt wheat seed

84%
Szymanek M., Sobczak P.
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
|
2009
|
tom 09
5

Selected mechanical properties of osmotically dehydrated apples impregnated with calcium ions

84%
Kowalska H., Marzec A., Lenart A.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
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2009
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tom 17
|
nr 2
163-173
The effect of osmotic dehydration parameters on selected mechanical properties of apples was analyzed by applying an experimental design for four factors (compris­ing 27 measurement points) and three levels of independent variables. A compression test was performed using texture meter TA-XT2i at 1 mms-1 cross-head speed. Mech­anical properties of apples were measured as to time, after that the compression force achieved 20 N. Apples treated by mild conditions of osmotic dehydration were characterized by a shorter time to obtain a compression force of 20 N. Mechanical properties of apples after osmotic dehydration were significantly influenced mainly by temperature. Influ­ence of time and concentration of sucrose solution was also significant. Thickness of samples did not affect the studied mechanical properties of osmodehydrated apples.
6
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Metoda okreslania powierzchni styku pomiedzy nasionami

67%
Fraczek J., Wrobel M.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2003
|
tom 02
|
nr 3[97]
519-529
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