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1
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Compost heap in agrotourism farm as an example of the renewable source of energy

100%
Roman M.
Economic and Regional Studies
|
2015
|
tom 08
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nr 3
The purpose of this article is to present a compost heap as the method of using an energy produced in the composting process on an agri-tourism farm. In the first part of the paper the characteristics of renewable energy sources in selected countries of the European Union have been presented. For this purpose, data has been used which is provided in the document titled „Energy from renewable sources in 2012” made available by the Central Statistical Office. In the further part of this article, the use of a compost pile on agri-tourism farm for water heating has been presented. The heat is produced in a compost heap and “waste” created in this process is a valuable natural fertilizer, which is useful in the agricultural works and ecological garden.
2

Recovery of heat in the aerobic phase of composting process of municipal waste

86%
Klejment E., Rosinski M.
Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska
|
2005
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tom 31
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nr 1
3

Evaluation of meat waste composting process based on fecal streptococci survival

72%
Ligocka A., Paluszak Z.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2008
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tom 17
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nr 5
739-744
Animal by-products of category 3 after proper processing may be a valuable fertilizer for agricultural purposes. However, they can contain numerous bacterial and viral pathogens and, in cases of improper handling, may pose a health risk for people and animals. This study is aimed at monitoring the number of fecal streptococci introduced into carriers of different types imitating fragments of meat and bone wastes during composting process in a drum bio-reactor. Fecal streptococci are indicator microorganisms, and are known by their thermoresistant characteristics, so it was assumed that their elimination will also diminish the pathogenic microorganisms present in wastes. Three research cycles were carried out in a drum-type bio-reactor, and a different course of temperature was noted in each of them. In cycle 1, in which the temperature exceeded 60ºC, fecal streptococci died the fastest, 139.0-154.4 hours later (depending on carrier type). In cycles 2 and 3, maximum temperatures were similar (57.2ºC and 58.8ºC, respectively), but secondary multiplication of the streptococci in the 102nd hour of the processes was observed. In cycle 2 at this time their number was similar to the level of initial suspension. The type and size of the carriers were of no major importance to streptococci survival in the bio-reactor. Yet in each of the cycles analyzed, effective reduction was accomplished and the product obtained can be considered to be environmentally safe.
4

Estimation of microbiological status of sewage sludge subject to composting process in controlled conditions

72%
Wolna-Maruwka A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2009
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tom 18
|
nr 2
279-288
Microbiological characteristics of sewage sludge from a mechanical-and-biological sewage treatment plant composted in controlled conditions with straw and sawdust are presented. Prepared composts were placed in four bioreactors with airflow of 4 l air·min⁻¹. In bioreactor K1, K2 and K3 the composted mass consisted of 65% sewage sludge (K1–sewage sludge 1, K2 – sludge 2, K3 – sludge 3) + 30% sawdust + 5% straw; while in bioreactor K4 the proportion was: 45% sludge 2 + 50% sawdust + 5% straw. Compost samples were taken from all chambers at the same time, depending on actual temperature. Microbiological analyses consisted in the determination (by plate method) on selective media of the numbers of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, fungi and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp. Clostridium perfringens and Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, in the experiment, the activity levels of dehydrogenase were determined using 1% triphenyltetrazole chloride as substratum. Studies have indicated that the composting process caused a decrease of the number of fungi and pathogenic bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family and Clostridium perfringens in all composted matters, as well as an increase in the number of thermophilic bacteria. Changes in the number of mesophilic bacteria depended on the compost type. In composts K1 and K2, the composting process caused an increased proliferation of cells, while in the composts K3 and K4 the number of mesophilic bacteria decreased. On the basis of the obtained results, it was also found that in the majority of analysis terms, the lowest activity of dehydrogenases occurred in compost K3, while their level of its activity, in the majority of the studied composts, correlated most intensively with the number of thermophilic bacteria.
5

Phytotoxicity of composts produced from various urban wastes

72%
Obidoska G., Hadam A.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
|
2008
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tom 29
6
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Management of post-production wood waste in the aspect of circular economy

72%
Komorowicz M., Janiszewska D., Wroblewska H., Stuper-Szablewska K.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2021
|
tom 115
7
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Effect of the composting process on physical and energetic changes in compost

72%
Kopec M., Gondek K., Mierzwa-Hersztek M., Zaleski T.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2016
|
tom 23
|
nr 4
Composting is one of the most common methods of treating biodegradable waste, and application of the process’ final product into the soil is, due to the high carbon content, one of the most rational ways of its management. If the compost is not in line with legal requirements, it is necessary to search for alternative ways of its use, such as application for energy purposes. The aim of this study was to estimate differences in the physical, including energetic, properties of composts prepared from plant feedstock with additions of such materials as biochar, sewage sludge, coffee grounds and yeast effluent. The composting process was carried out for 140 days. The basic chemical and physical properties as well as heat of combustion were determined in the analysed feedstocks and mixtures derived from them. It was found that 10% addition of biochar had no significant effect on the composting process rate; however, biochar-amended treatments showed a smaller loss of dry matter and higher C:N ratio compared to other combinations. The use of biochar or coffee grounds as additives in the composting process reduced volumetric density of the composted biomass. Maize straw amended with sewage sludge and coffee grounds reduced air-filled porosity of composts. The share of biochar in the compost limited this tendency. The heat of combustion determined in composts was lower than the parameter determined in material mixtures before the composting process. The results show that sewage sludge reduced the heat of combustion of composts, which was closely related to ash content.
8

Effect of sewage sludge composting process in cybernetic bioreactor on the number of selected microorganisms groups and proteases activity

72%
Wolna-Maruwka A., Jedros A.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development
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2008
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tom 11
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nr 4
9
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Zawartość wybranych makro i mikroelementów w przekompostowanych komunalnych odpadach biodegradowalnych

72%
Gondek K., Kopec M.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2012
|
tom 19
|
nr 3
Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu określenie wpływu procesu kompostowania, głównie podgrupy odpadów komunalnych oznaczonych w katalogu odpadów kodem 20 02 (odpady z ogrodów i parków), z różnymi dodatkami (skrobia, olej jadalny, mocznik) na zawartość form ogólnych i rozpuszczalnych w wodzie wybranych makro (Mg, Ca, Na, K, P) i mikroelementów (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe), co może stanowić podstawę oceny wartości nawozowej przekompostowanej biomasy. Z założenia poziom oraz skład dodatków, z punktu widzenia praktyki „czystych chemicznie”, miał pozytywnie modyfikować proces kompostowania. Biomasę do kompostowania przygotowano z następujących organicznych materiałów odpadowych (20 02 01); zrębki z drzew liściastych (udział w biomasie 43,87%); trawa (udział w biomasie 23,13%); odpad (02 03 03) z produkcji kawy zbożowej (udział w biomasie 21,94%) oraz odpad (02 03 82) roślinny z przemysłu tytoniowego (udział w biomasie 10,96%). Eksperyment obejmował następujące warianty prowadzone w dwóch powtórzeniach: K1 – kompost „grzejny” bez dodatków (obiekt kontrolny); K2 – kompost „grzejny” + skrobia (produkt spożywczy); K3 – kompost „grzejny” + olej jadalny; K4 – kompost „grzejny” + mocznik (czysty chemicznie). Dodatek skrobi, oleju jadalnego lub mocznika stanowił 5% w stosunku do świeżej masy kompostu „grzejnego” o. W warunkach przeprowadzonych badań proces kompostowania odpadów biodegradowalnych prowadził do zwiększenia zawartości ogólnych form badanych makro i mikroelementów. W kompoście kontrolnym, z dodatkiem skrobi oraz oleju jadalnego oznaczone zawartości form rozpuszczalnych w wodzie magnezu, wapnia i fosforu zmniejszyły się a potasu i sodu zwiększyły się w porównaniu do zawartości oznaczonej w kompoście ”grzejnym”. Wpływ zastosowanych dodatków do kompostowania na zawartość form rozpuszczalnych w wodzie badanych mikroelementów był zróżnicowany, uwarunkowany poziomem ubytku substancji organicznej oraz właściwościami chemicznymi pierwiastka. Wprowadzenie 5% dodatku mocznika do kompostowanej biomasy spowodowało zwiększenie zawartości form rozpuszczalnych w wodzie wszystkich badanych pierwiastków, oprócz zawartości magnezu.
10
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Ocena aktywności biologicznej biomasy na różnych etapach procesu kompostowania przy użyciu systemu pomiarowego OxiTop Control

72%
Ozimek A., Kopec M.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2012
|
tom 19
|
nr 2
Badania dotyczyły określenia dynamiki zmian aktywności biologicznej przygotowanej biomasy w trakcie procesu kompostowania odpadów. Wyniki badań respirometrycznych obrazują dostępność substratów dla mikroorganizmów, czyli podatność na biodegradację. Pomiarów zapotrzebowania na tlen dokonano przy pomocy systemu pomiarowego OxiTop® Control. Materiał kompostowany stanowiła mieszanina substratów organicznych z dodatkami odpadowych materia-łów biodegradowalnych. Dodatkami do materiału kompostowanego były: mączka mięsno-kostna, odpadowy olej jadalny, folia biodegradowalna oraz papier gazetowy. Wyniki badań wskazują na dużą aktywność biologiczną kompostów utrzymującą się do 60. dnia procesu. Wprowadzone do kompostowanej biomasy dodatki odpadów w istotny sposób różnicowały aktywność biologiczną. W przypadku materiału z dodatkiem papieru gazetowego aktywność zmniejszyła się już po 40 dniach kompostowania, odwrotnie niż w przypadku materiału z dodatkiem folii oraz mączki, gdzie nastąpiło zwiększenie aktywności w 40. dniu procesu.
11
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Influence of the autochthonous cellulolytic bacteria on the domestic compost process improvement

72%
Cwiertniewicz-Wojciechowska M., Slipko K., Banach-Wisniewska A., Ziembińska-Buczynska A.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
|
2023
|
tom 104
|
nr 1
12

Dynamics of changes in the number of selected microorganism groups in sewage sludge and in manure subject to composting process and in the soil enriched with composts

72%
Wolna-Maruwka A., Czekala J.
Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska
|
2007
|
tom 33
|
nr 4
13

Validation of meat waste composting process based on Escherichia coli survival rate

72%
Ligocka A., Paluszak Z.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2008
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tom 52
|
nr 1
Escherichia coli suspension was introduced into meat and bone carriers of different sizes and a number of the bacteria was analysed at suitable time intervals. The cycles analysed were characterised by a slightly different distribution of temperature, but it was sufficient to inactivate the rods in all types of the carriers. The quickest elimination rate of E. coli (0.1-0.14 log/h) was noted in the cycle in which the temperature ranged from 50 to 60°C. In the other cycles, with lower temperatures generated, the decrease in the bacteria's numbers was 0.03-0.04 log/h. However, the inactivation of the introduced pathogens occurred in both cycles. When properly conducted, a process of composting wastes guarantees retaining environmental safety.
14
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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The effect of ProBio Original TM (EM-Farming TM) on the composting process of biodegradable waste; its influence on final product quality and quantity

58%
Hlisnikovsky L.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
|
2011
|
nr 11
The aim of this experiment was to establish the effect of the ProBio OriginalTM preparation (hereinafter "preparation") on the composting process of biologically degradable waste in garden composters. The first stage of research was focused on the effect of different concentrations of the preparation onto the composting process in garden composters. Monitored parameters were the effect of the preparation on the course of temperatures during the composting process, material volume decrease and effect on the quality of the composted material. The input raw material was freshly cut grass provided by Centrální kompostárna (Central Composting Plant) Brno, a.s. The experiment was carried out in five garden composters (290 L) for a period of 13 weeks. Three composters were enriched with the preparation at different concentrations, two of them were reference composters. During the experiment, the course of the composting process was monitored (temperature, loss in material volume) as well as the compost quality (C/N ratio, nutrients, heavy metals).During the experiment, a positive influence was observed of the preparation on the course of temperature in the composters. The enriched composters reached in the mineralization phase the thermophilic temperature ranges for a period of two weeks. The rate of composted material volume reduction in the composters with the preparation was higher than that in the reference composters. Moreover, a positive effect of the preparation was observed on the compost quality. As compared with composts from the reference composters, Ca and Mg concentrations in the resulting compost from the enriched composters were higher. The effect of the preparation on the concentration of other nutrients was not demonstrated.
15

Effect of animal by-products composting process on the inactivation of indicator bacteria

58%
Paluszak Z., Bauza-Kaszewska J., Skowron K.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
Indicator bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Salmonella, and Streptococcus were introduced into the biomass animal by-products composted in a bioreactor. Two different carriers were used - meat carriers (pieces of meat placed in the wire mesh) and plexiglass carriers (tubes filled with minced meat). The inactivation rate of the tested bacteria was the main criterion of the sanitary effectiveness of the composting process. Two experimental cycles were conducted. A high efficiency of the composting process during the first cycle, where temperature reached 68°C and all indicator microorganisms were eliminated within 30 h, was demonstrated. After 161 h of the second cycle, the inactivation of the tested bacteria proceeded much slower and their theoretical survival ranged from 236 to over 1,000 h.
16

Changes in cell number and the ATP content during the composting process

58%
Czaczyk K., Trojanowska K., Stachowiak B., Dubisz H.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2001
|
tom 10
|
nr 3
The ATP level and the number of mesophilic bacteria, thermophilic bacteria, moulds and yeasts were examined in different composts prepared from lupine (Lupinus angustifolius cv Mirela). During the first weeks of composting, the mesophiles increased slowly and the thermophile phase follows. After eight weeks of composting the number of thermophiles decreased rapidly and development of mesophilic bacteria and fungi was observed. From five ATP extraction methods, the best results were obtained from Celsis-Lumac extracting mixtures and it was chosen for further experiments. The ATP level increased at the beginning of composting and decreased after 8 weeks of the process. After this time, ATP content began to rise to the achieved maximum during the 12th week of composting. There is no correlation between the number of microorganisms in compost and the ATP level.
17

The composting process effect on the chemical changes of mercury[II] sulphide in the municipal solid waste

58%
Ciba J., Kluczka J., Zolotajkin M.
Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska
|
1999
|
tom 25
|
nr 1
18
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Detection of airborne microbes in a composting facility by cultivation based and cultivation-independent methods

58%
Albrecht A., Witzenberger R., Bernzen U., Jackel U.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
|
2007
|
tom 14
|
nr 1
Standard methods for quantifi cation of airborne bacteria are based on cultivation and counting of grown colonies. From complex natural environments it is known that only a small fraction of the total number of cells can be cultivated on routinely used agar-media. Direct microscopic cell counting after DNA-staining usually generates higher concentrations of one to two magnitudes. The objective of the presented study was to compare the concentrations of airborne bacteria sampled in a composting facility by using for any sample the cultivation on trytic soy agar (TSA) – agar, as well as direct counting after DAPI-staining. The concentrations after counting grown colonies were within a range of 105-107 cfu m-3. Concentrations of direct counted cells ranged between 106-109 microbes m-3. In these comparative measurements only 1.5-15.3% of the airborne bacterial cells enumerated by direct counting formed countable colonies after incubation on TSA-agar. Obviously, cultivation based methods underestimate the real amount of airborne microbes. In addition, from literature it is known that inactive or even dead cells can also have the potential to cause health effects. Consequently, a risk assessment based only on measuring colony forming units may, in some cases, not be sufficient.
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