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1

Low recapture rate in PIT marked urban populations of the common toad

100%
Mazgajska J., Mazgajski T. D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2016
|
tom 64
|
nr 4
Individual marking is necessary for determining various elements of species ecology, but toe-clipping — a method frequently used in amphibian studies, is recently being questioned. Three water bodies (of 0.3 to 1.5 ha in size) used by common Bufo bufo for breeding, located within a large city (Warsaw, Central Poland), were chosen for the study. Captured toads had Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) subcutaneously implanted under laboratory conditions. Marked toads were searched in consecutive breeding seasons. The recapture rate of males in particular ponds was up to 13% — much lower than in other studies carried out in non-urban habitats. 77% of re-trapped individuals were found in the next season after tagging. There were no differences in the frequency of re-trapped individuals in relation to the toe-clipping treatment, as some marked individuals had part of the toe (two phalanges) clipped for skelotochronological analyses. An individual from this group was observed to have regenerated the clipped toe after one year. We did not find any indication of better body condition among the re-trapped individuals when comparing them to the marked toads at the time they were first captured. The important advantage of PIT tagging is the fact that all individuals are marked in the same way and their handling is similar. This makes it possible to compare various demographic parameters (growth rate, survival etc.). In addition, the number of animals that can be permanently marked using PITs is several times higher than through the use of codes resulting from the clipping of fingers and toes.
2

Taste organs in the development of Bufo bufo tadpoles

100%
Zuwala K., Jakubowski M.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Zoologia
|
1997
|
tom 39
3

Amphibians in the Wawer district of the Warsaw agglomeration

67%
Mazgajska J.
Fragmenta Faunistica
|
2009
|
tom 52
|
nr 1
Studies on amphibians of permanent water bodies and marshes in the Wawer district of Warsaw were carried out in the spring of 2007. This terrain is situated on the right bank of the Vistula River, and is one of the least urbanized areas of the city. In this study, species composition, frequency of occurrence and number of individuals on breeding sites were determined. Surprisingly, only six amphibian species were found, which was two times lower than found during previous research in the left bank area of Warsaw. The most common species occurring in Wawer were: moor frog (Rana arvalis) and common toad (Bufo bufo). Only 69.2 % of permanent water bodies were inhabited by any amphibian species. To enable future comparative studies to be made on the impact of urban development and increased human activity on local amphibian populations, the precise locality of breeding sites were provided.
4

Species composition and habitat correlates of amphibian roadkills in different landscapes of South-Western Poland

59%
Orlowski G., Ciesiolkiewicz J., Kaczor M., Radwanska J., Zywicka A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2008
|
tom 56
|
nr 4
659-671
During four seasons (years 2000–2004) on 52.3 km of roads with traffic frequencies ranging from 350 to 10 500 vehicles day⁻¹ and crossing diverse habitats in five regions of south-western Poland 3 742 roadkills from 10 amphibian species were recorded. The most frequent road killed species was common toad Bufo bufo (52% of all roadkills), followed by common frog Rana temporaria (12%), green toad Bufo viridis (11%) and moor frog Rana arvalis (3%). For all surveyed roads the roadkill density was positively correlated with the share of woods and the area of ponds. Actual traffic density was a poor predictor of the number of amphibian roadkills in large landscape scale (all surveyed roads). To assess the factors affecting the number of amphibian roadkills in the small landscape scale the Generalized Linear Models (GLZ) were performed between the number of casualties and five habitat variables (area and number of ponds, share of builtup area, open countryside and woodland) for four circular buffer zones (<200 m, <300 m, <400 m, <500 m) around each of the 100-meter sections within 1.8 km of road crossing an area rich in water bodies. The most important variables in GLZ models were the area and number of ponds. These predictors had statistically significant impact on number of roadkills within buffer zones <500 m (area of ponds) and <400 m (number of ponds).
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