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1

Changes in water content in oocytes and ovaries of common frog Rana temporaria L. during vitellogenesis

100%
Guzik M., Schimscheiner L., Zakrzewski M., Zamachowski W., Zysk A.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Zoologia
|
1989
|
tom 31
2

Co-occurrence of agile frog [Rana dalmatina Fitz. in Bonaparte] with common frog [Rana temporaria L.] in breeding sites in Southern Poland

84%
Barton K., Rafinski J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2006
|
tom 54
|
nr 1
A location (area 10 km²) of the agile frog (Rana dalmatina Fitz. in Bonaparte) in a southwest part of the Sandomierz Valley (southern Poland), was surveyed during 4 breeding seasons (1999–2002). Eighteen breeding sites of brown frogs were inspected for their characteristics, presence and numbers of egg-batches, and time of egg deposition. Breeding sites were typically temporary, small, and shallow waters (area 5–30 m², depth <50 cm). The agile frog was found to co-occur only with the common frog (Rana temporaria L.) in most of the sites. Based on the number of egg-batches, the agile frog was more numerous (total of 315 batches in year 2002) than the common frog (163). Over the four years of the study, there were no significant fluctuations in the numbers of eggs. The two species did not differ significantly in their choice of the habitats, except for the sites with low water pH, used predominantly by the agile frog. Habitat niche overlap was high (Pianka’s O = 0.86). In the acid peat bogs (water pH about 4.5) most of the eggs degenerated.
3

Amphibians in the Wawer district of the Warsaw agglomeration

67%
Mazgajska J.
Fragmenta Faunistica
|
2009
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tom 52
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nr 1
Studies on amphibians of permanent water bodies and marshes in the Wawer district of Warsaw were carried out in the spring of 2007. This terrain is situated on the right bank of the Vistula River, and is one of the least urbanized areas of the city. In this study, species composition, frequency of occurrence and number of individuals on breeding sites were determined. Surprisingly, only six amphibian species were found, which was two times lower than found during previous research in the left bank area of Warsaw. The most common species occurring in Wawer were: moor frog (Rana arvalis) and common toad (Bufo bufo). Only 69.2 % of permanent water bodies were inhabited by any amphibian species. To enable future comparative studies to be made on the impact of urban development and increased human activity on local amphibian populations, the precise locality of breeding sites were provided.
4

Non-prey items in stomachs of Alpine newts (Mesotriton alpestris, Laurenti)

67%
Kopecky O., Vojar J., Susta F., Rehak I.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2011
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
Though newts are exclusively carnivorous predators, non-prey items (silt, plants, skin sloughs) also have been found in their stomachs. There are no previous studies on this topic apart from casual reports. We conducted a dietary study of Alpine newts (Mesotriton alpestris) at two localities in the Czech Republic, focusing on the influence of sex, locality, month, and weight of digested prey on consumption of non-prey items. Localities were two fishless ponds (surface area <40 m2, depth <1 m) at an elevation of about 450 m. Both ponds were isolated from other water bodies and inhabited also by Smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris L.) and Common frogs (Rana temporaria L.). Newts were captured by net from the shores and stomach contents were extracted using a stomach flushing technique. We sampled 190 individuals. At least one non-prey item (i.e. silt, plants, skin sloughs) was found in 44% of newts’ stomachs. The most numerous items were plant fragments. The weight of consumed prey did not affect the presence of non-prey items in stomachs of newts. Locality (probably relating to prey availability) affected frequency of newts with plants and silt in their digestive tracts, but skin sloughs were consumed at both localities with the same frequencies. All non-prey items were consumed mainly at the beginning of the breeding season (year 1997) and with no difference in frequencies between males and females.
5

Spatial distribution of yolk platelets and fat droplets in oocytes and cleaving embryos of the common frog [Rana temporaria] and toad [Bufo bufo]

67%
Romek M.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
|
1998
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tom 36
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nr 2
6

Species composition and habitat correlates of amphibian roadkills in different landscapes of South-Western Poland

59%
Orlowski G., Ciesiolkiewicz J., Kaczor M., Radwanska J., Zywicka A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2008
|
tom 56
|
nr 4
659-671
During four seasons (years 2000–2004) on 52.3 km of roads with traffic frequencies ranging from 350 to 10 500 vehicles day⁻¹ and crossing diverse habitats in five regions of south-western Poland 3 742 roadkills from 10 amphibian species were recorded. The most frequent road killed species was common toad Bufo bufo (52% of all roadkills), followed by common frog Rana temporaria (12%), green toad Bufo viridis (11%) and moor frog Rana arvalis (3%). For all surveyed roads the roadkill density was positively correlated with the share of woods and the area of ponds. Actual traffic density was a poor predictor of the number of amphibian roadkills in large landscape scale (all surveyed roads). To assess the factors affecting the number of amphibian roadkills in the small landscape scale the Generalized Linear Models (GLZ) were performed between the number of casualties and five habitat variables (area and number of ponds, share of builtup area, open countryside and woodland) for four circular buffer zones (<200 m, <300 m, <400 m, <500 m) around each of the 100-meter sections within 1.8 km of road crossing an area rich in water bodies. The most important variables in GLZ models were the area and number of ponds. These predictors had statistically significant impact on number of roadkills within buffer zones <500 m (area of ponds) and <400 m (number of ponds).
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