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Coir pith is being considered as the reject generated during the extraction of coir fibre from coconut husks. It is a light weight and fluffy material with dusts and bits of fibres. The coir pith has many undesirable components and hence it does not carry any value addition. It needs to be degraded for the effective utilization for further activities. Microbes have the ability to decompose coir pith. Coir pith itself posses its own native microbes. Hence in the present study, raw coir pith and the soil dumped with coir pith in the dumping yards along the vicinity of the coir fibre factories were subjected for the enumeration and characterization of microorganisms. The coir pith for the study was collected from two locations in Cuddalore District. The results exhibited the presence of huge quantity of microbes in the raw coir pith than the coir pith dumped soil. Furthermore, the percentage occurrence of bacteria was significantly higher when compared with that of the fungi and actinomycetes. Totally 12 species of bacteria, six species of fungi and three species of actinomycetes were recorded. The results showed significant variation in the quantity and quality of the microbes.
The withdrawal of chemical pesticides opens up a new perspective to control pests through botanical extracts. The essential oils derived from various medicinal and aromatic plants proved to have antifungal, antibacterial and insecticidal properties. The present study is directed towards management of a dreaded pest of coconut i.e. eriophyid mite through exploitation of those properties of the plants. The efficacy of a botanical biocide formulated by using seven different aromatic and medicinal herbs against the infestation intensity of eriophyid mite was tested in the experiment at five different coconut farms in different coconut growing states of India. Four application of the formulated product resulted up to 72.17% damage reduction.
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The aim of this work was to investigate whether selected plant beverages can be a carrier of live cultures of lactic acid bacteria. Seven commercial dairy freeze-dried starters were analysed in the experiments. They were used to produce samples of fermented and non-fermented three market plant beverages (soy, rice, and coconut). The analysis of the plant beverage samples was carried out for three weeks of the refrigerated storage. The number of lactic acid bacteria cells (lactobacilli and streptococci) and pH were determined. In all starter cultures, a significantly higher share of streptococci than lactobacilli was observed. The viability of lactobacilli and streptococci was dependent on the type of plant beverage and the starter culture used, as well as on whether the beverage was fermented. Our experiments clearly show that the starter culture should be carefully selected for the specific type of plant beverage.
The hydroponic system is very often used for greenhouse vegetable production. The flood irrigation on a bench or on the flood floors is applied in the production of ornamental plants and vegetable transplants. This system is environmentally friendly, since fertigation is used in a closed system using the recirculation of nutrient solution. The aim of this study, conducted in 2010-2012, was to determine the effect of flood fertigation with different concentrations of nutrient solution (EC: 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 mS cm-1) on the yield and quality of the butterhead lettuce cultivar Natalia grown in different substrates (coconut coir, peat and rockwool). The experiment was conducted in the spring and autumn cycle. The highest marketable yield at each concentration of the nutrient solution was achieved in the cultivation in rockwool, both within the spring and autumn. The highest nitrate content in lettuce in terms of both cultivation cycles was found in the lettuce grown in the nutrient solution concentration of EC 4 mS cm-1, and the lowest one was achieved in the nutrient solution concentration of EC 1.0 mS cm -1. Significantly less of nitrates was in lettuce grown in spring than in autumn. Higher levels of EC significantly increased the content of P and K in lettuce leaves during in both growing cycles, while the content of Ca and Mg was not significantly different. The applied substrates had a significant impact on the content of K, P, Ca and Mg in leaves of lettuce. The best concentration of the nutrient solution used for flood fertigation of greenhouse lettuce was EC 3.0 mS cm-1 for the spring cultivation and EC 4.0 mS cm-1 for the fall crop.
Chemical composition of lignocellulose materials and porous structure of activated carbons. Chemical and elemental compositions of selected lignocellulose materials were determined and next a series of activated carbons was produced from these materials under strictly repeatable conditions. The chemical activation method (900oC) using KOH (4:1) was applied for the development of the porous structure. Prior to activation all raw materials were subjected to pyrolysis at 700oC using a slight temperature increase rate (3oC/min). Produced activated carbons had varied porous structure parameters and considerable BET surface areas ranging from 2026 to 2884 m2/g. It was shown that the type of the applied precursor has a significant effect on the development of the porous structure.
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