Objective: There is increasing evidence that the transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) significantly promote functional recovery after central nervous system damage in the animal models of various kinds of CNS disorders, including cerebral infarct. However, there are several shortages of information when considering clinical application of BMSC transplantation for patients with neurological disorders. In this meeting, therefore, we discuss what we should clarify to establish cell transplantation therapy in clinical situation and describe our recent works for this purpose. Methods and Results: The BMSC have multiple abilities to differentiate into the neural cells and to promote neuronal survival and axon elongation, contributing to rebuild the neural circuits in the injured CNS. Using optical imaging and MRI techniques, the transplanted BMSC can non-invasively be tracked in the living animals for at least 8 weeks after transplantation. Clinical MR apparatus can visualize the tagged BMSC in the brain. FDG PET is quite valuable to monitor the recovery of brain metabolism after transplantation. The BMSC can be expanded using the animal protein-free culture medium within a clinically relevant period. G-CSF is useful to enhance their proliferation when the BMSC are obtained from the aged patients. There are optimal dose and timing of BMSC transplantation to yield significant therapeutic benefits. Conclusion: It is urgent issues to develop clinical imaging technique to track the transplanted cells in the CNS and evaluate the therapeutic significance of BMSC transplantation to establish it as a definite therapeutic strategy in clinical situation in very near future.
The aim of the study was to describe a new method used for diagnosing uterine disorders and to present preliminary results regarding the incidence of this kind of endometritis in dairy cows. For its diagnosis, samples must be taken from the lumen of the uterine horns. This requires a special tool which consists of a catheter open at both ends/on both sides, a mandrel and a brush for the collection of samples. After sampling the brush is rolled on cytological glass, and the smear is stained using one of the classic methods. Following this procedure, a number of polimorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), other white cells and epithelial cells are counted. In order to diagnose the disorder, the percentage of PMNL is considered. In our trials, conducted in two experimental herds, subclinical endometritis was diagnosed in 69.7% of cows in one herd and in 38.3% of cows in the other herd during the fourth week post partum. Two weeks later, the incidence of this disease dropped to 43.3% and 17%, respectively. Only in 12.1% and 8.7% of cows after parturition the number of PMNL grew with the passage of time. More research is needed to evaluate the influence of cytological endometritis on reproductive performance and to examine the pathological and physiological nature of this disorder.