A mathematical model of interrelations between plant canopies and the atmospheric boundary layer was developed to quantify the influence of changes in soil moisture on the air temperature and humidity in the surface layer of the atmosphere. The verification of the model was carried out using experimental data concerning the maize canopy. It was shown that the soil moisture in the root zone is an important factor affecting not only the evapotranspiration but also the structure of the energy balance of plant canopies and consequently the air temperature and humidity in the surface layer of the atmosphere.
This study is an attempt to provide a comprehensive and synthetic characterisation of Słupsk climate based on a homogeneous series of daily measurements covering the longest possible period. Apart from the temperature and precipitation profiles derived from a 58-year examination record (1950-2007), the climate analysis also presents the distribution of other key weather components (atmospheric pressure, wind, relative humidity and cloud cover) in a shorter (1991-2007) time-span. The paper, which is a summary of the existing research into Słupsk climate, is directed not only at geographers (for whom it may be a significant reference in research concerning weather conditions in other Polish towns), but also at local residents and tourists, who choose Słupsk as their holiday destination.
The research has been aimed at studying both seasonal and annual changes in air temperature and precipitation over the past 40 years, i.e. from 1961 till 2000, as well as in 2001-2003 period. Additionally increase/decrease rates for all the parameters under analysis were to be determined, as well as thermal and precipitation rating of months over the studied period. The research was based on data recorded over respective 1961-2003 decades and months for air temperature and precipitation that were collected at Lipki agro- and weather station, near Stargard Szczeciński. Magnitude of the standard deviation (S) from the standard from 1961 to 2000 was applied as a criteria for thermal rating all the months over the studied period. To evaluate deficiency or excess of precipitation in particular months a criteria of percentage of total monthly precipitation over the standard value (75 - 125%) was applied. Monthly, seasonal and annual changes for both air temperature and precipitation tend to be linear. Over the studied period for all the moths, excluding November, a rising tendency for air temperature was observed. A statistically significant, positive trend was observed for April, May, July and August. The biggest increase for temperature, on average by 0.8°C/10 years, was found for January. No clear, solid trends have been detected for precipitation. At the beginning of a year a rising tendency was noticed, while towards the month end precipitation tend to drop. Still, only in May the trend was statistically significant and found negative. The year 2003, whose summer season was found exceptionally hot and very dry, was also evaluated in terms of temperature and precipitation.
Observations of the shelf environment rarely associate internal solitary waves (ISWs) with the impact of their passage. An experiment observed during the Coastal Mixing and Optics 1996( CMO ’96), a sequence of long internal waves on a coastal shelf is reported, including both mode-1 and mode-2 waves, together with evidence related to the interaction of propagating ISWs and the benthic boundary layer. The observed ISW dynamics is shown to present a repetitive pattern or ‘climate cycle’. The ISW-associated benthic signature described here occurs frequently (at least once a day) in the CMO ’96coastal area and suggests that ISWs under calm, summer-like conditions may have a decisive influence on the fate of near-bottom pollutants or biological processes in shelf regions.
The significance of solid waste management in ecohydrology research is obvious given the potential threat that solid waste poses on the intrinsic services of water purification, particularly in areas of high temperatures and precipitation levels. Improper waste disposal systems have adverse repercussions on environmental sanitation and impede water quality management efforts. The potential risk to water and soil pollution is surmountable in the areas where waste collection and disposal efforts are constrained. We used a GIS based meso-scale approach to identify solid waste ecological hot spots. Results indicate that solid waste hot spots are characterised by poor solid waste management, high temperatures, and high rainfall and are likely to compromise the ecohydrological processes of both surface and underground water systems. The most affected river basins are found in south and north-western parts of Ethiopia. Climate change is likely to worsen the situation in the areas where precipitation and temperature levels are expected to rise. We recommend that ecohydrologists prioritize such areas for improved water resource management.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.