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In the paper examples of trees bound with objects of religious cult, found in Polish country landscape, are presented. In the first chapter trees situated near chapels, wayside-shrines or crosses are described; chapels are often surrounded by symmetrically planted groups of trees. The next chapter concerns trees found near village churches. Mostly they are reminders of former cemeteries, which due to urbanization progress are no more used. Trees bound with religious cult such as limes, maples and acacias are an important feature in Polish country landscape.
The truss of the Roman Catholic Church of the Holiest Christ’s Body was managed to date to the year 1409. It represents one of the few well-preserved medieval structures in this region. The sharp roof above the nave has a typical rafter collar-beam construction with longitudinal stiffening truss. The geometrical analysis of the main roof truss as well as the central longitudinal truss is based on logical dependencies and a description of a process in the truss design, pointing to evaluative relations resulting especially from the Pythagorean Geometry. Consequently, a spatial numerical model of the roof structure was developed in order to perform a static analysis of the roof structure in accordance with present standards. Due to the fact that during the diagnostic survey there were noted some missing structural elements in the roof construction (angle braces), in further analysis, an attention was paid to the importance of the selected structural elements and their role in the construction of the truss itself.
Die Beheizung des Doms zu Berlin. In dem Artikel zitierten die Autoren eine vom Stande der Wissenschaft über die Problematik Kirchenraumheizung wichtige Veröffentlichung aus der Zeit des Baus des Berliner Doms, des größten Baus des Wilhelmin. Deutschlands, einer der größten Kirchen Deutschlands.
Background. In the recent years, the birth rate among teenage girls has decreased. Although more and more teenagers, especially girls, begin their sexual lives earlier, their knowledge on contraception is usually unsatisfactory and a significant number of adolescents either do not use contraception or use unreliable contraception methods. The lack of sex education at schools leads to teenage students’ lacking knowledge and support in this matter. Material and methods. The tool applied in the research was a previously prepared survey questionnaire entitled Teachers’ and class tutors’ opinions on teen motherhood serving as the research tool. Results. The interviewees are convinced that in order to prevent pregnancies among adolescent girls, teenagers should be treated individually and provided with reliable knowledge and support. On the other hand, the respondents deem recommendable to warn teenagers of negative consequences that having sex brings and of stigmatisation the sexually active and pregnant girls face. Moreover, the interviewed teachers find it appropriate to promote only sympto-thermal contraception methods. Conclusions. The inconsistency and high restrictiveness in teachers’ opinions affect their involvement in teenagers’ sex education and their support towards pregnant students and underage mothers.
The paper presents a computational analysis of the PMV, PPD and PD thermal environment indices for indoor air quality (IAQ) inside a historic wooden church in the village of Wiśniowa. The study is based on annual measurements of indoor air parameters as well as data on the number of Sunday Mass attendees and indoor air quality. As the results point out, indoor thermal comfort during the majority of Sunday Masses, both in summer and winter, remains within category C while the indoor air quality, assessed by means of PD index, levelled at 100%, irrespective of time of year. The improvement of inside air comfort and hygienic standards is possible by means of installing an effective mechanical ventilation system adapted for use in a historic building of high value in terms of local material culture.
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