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Exposure of Rhizopogon roseolus mycelia to 15 mmol·dm⁻³ cadmium for 24 h induces a different pattern of Mn-SOD on polyacrylamide gels, probably being a changed form of an originally existing one. The presence of cadmium affects the chromatographic properties of this enzyme and its mobility through the acrylamide gel. This new isoform was purified using DEAE Trisacryl chromatography. Cadmium induced isoform adsorbed stronger to the ligands and was eluated with a Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.1 mol·dm⁻³ NaCl. SOD from control samples (not treated with cadmium) was eluated with the same buffer without NaCl.
Murashige & Skoog nutrient was supplemented with substances of molecular weight (MW) less than 5 kDa, which were separated from extract of winter wheat ears by means of Sephadex G-25 ultrafiltration. Isolated embryos of the same wheat cultivar (Grana) were vernalized in the nutrient for 0 and 7 days at 2 °C for 2 weeks and planted in a glass-house. After 150 days of growth (20/17 °C day/night) the development of the shoot apices was observed. It was found that substances of MW<5 kDa strongly stimulated the generative development of the plants, enabling the earing of 30 % of non-vernalized plants (control=0%) and 100 % plants vernalized for 7 days (control=29 %). The substances present in the extract of both spring (cv. Jara) and winter (cv. Grana) varieties were fractionated by means of Sephadex chromatography into 300 fractions of MW=1 to 5 kDa and each of them was added to the isolated embryos of cv. Grana. The embryos were vernalized at 2 °C for 7 days and then cultured as previously described. It was found that the differentiation of the shoot apices was stimulated by over 34 % by fractions of winter wheat extract and more than 50 % by fractions of the spring wheat extract. However, only a few of identical fractions of the extracts of both wheat varieties were able to induce the earing of the plants. These fractions were grouped in 4 continuous intervals of MW equal to about 4.5–4.9, 3.2–3.3, 2.1–2.6 and 1.00–1.03 kDa. Within the three intervals was identified a small group of identical fractions, which affected the growth of the seedlings in similar mode i.e. inhibiting or stimulating. Thus it can be assumed that these intervals contained identical or similar substances capable of stimulating strongly the earing of winter wheat.
Gene therapy and genetic vaccines promise to revolutionize the treatment of inherited and acquired diseases. Since viral vectors are generally associated with numerous disadvantages when applied to humans, the administration of naked DNA, or DNA packed into lipo- or polyplexes emerge as viable alternatives. To satisfy the increasing demand for pharmaceutical grade plasmids we developed a novel economic downstream process which overcomes the bottlenecks of common lab-scale techniques and meets all regulatory requirements. After cell lysis by an in-house developed gentle, automated continuous system the sequence of hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography guarantees the separation of impurities as well as undesired plasmid isoforms. After the consecutive chromatography steps, adjustment of concentration and final filtration are carried out. The final process was proven to be generally applicable and can be used from early clinical phases to market-supply. It is scaleable and free of animal-derived substances, detergents (except lysis) and organic solvents. The process delivers high-purity plasmid DNA of homogeneities up to 98% supercoiled form at a high yield in any desired final buffer.
This review examines metabolic profiling of Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni in their definitive and intermediate hosts. The earlier coverage of the literature on metabolic profiling was reviewed by Wang et al. 2010, Advances in Parasitology, 73, 373–404 and covered mainly studies using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The methods focused upon in our review are mainly chromatographic. In the studies reviewed, various metabolites were analyzed in hosts infected with either E. caproni or S. mansoni and compared to the uninfected controls.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has a reputation as a therapeutic agent for many different diseases such as microbial infections, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Health benefi ts of garlic depend on its content of biologically-active compounds, which differs between cultivars and geographical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the biological activity of aqueous extracts from nine garlic varieties from different countries (Poland, Spain, China, Portugal, Burma, Thailand and Uzbekistan). Antioxidant properties were evaluated through free radical scavenging (DPPH•, ABTS•+) and ion chelation (Fe2+, Cu2+) activities. The cytotoxicity of garlic extracts was evaluated in vitro using Neutral Red Uptake assay in normal human skin fi broblasts. The obtained results revealed that garlic extracts contained the highest amount of syringic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids derivatives. The lowest IC50 values for DPPH•, ABTS•+ scavenging and Cu2+ chelating ability were determined in Chinese garlic extracts (4.63, 0.43 and 14.90 μg/mL, respectively). Extracts from Spanish cultivar Morado and Chinese garlic were highly cytotoxic to human skin fi broblasts as they reduced cellular proliferation by 70–90%. We showed diverse contents of proteins and phenolic components in garlic bulbs from different varieties. The obtained results could help to choose the cultivars of garlic which contain signifi cant amounts of active compounds, have important antioxidant properties and display low antiproliferative effect and/or low cytotoxicity against normal human skin fi broblast BJ.
Introduction and objective: Back pain are the most common ailment within the human locomotor system. Because of their prevalence, they were classified as diseases of civilization. The aim of the study was to attempt to assess the concentration of selected amino acids in plasma and correlating the results of laboratory tests with the occurrence of backaches. Material and method: The study group included 188 patients presenting for CT scan administering as the cause of their symptoms low back pains. All of these patients gave the blood samples from which the concentration of free amino acids was estimated by ion exchange chromatography using an automated amino acid analyzer AAA 400 from INGOS Praha. The control group consisted of patients who underwent testing using computed tomography and there were no primary or secondary changes associated with degeneration in the lumbar spine. Results: Patients on the basis of research carried out by computed tomography were divided into five groups according to disease entity. Analyzing the average concentration of essential amino acids in the blood plasma of patients of each group, it was found that it is higher in the case of lysine for each considered disease entity. The average concentration of methionine in all disease entities does not deviate from the average values in the control group. Analysis of the average concentration of selected essential amino acids revealed that in the case presented disorders underwent their level of variation. Average concentrations of selected amino acids have proven to be very similar in both groups. Slightly higher values proved to be in the control group for proline and lysine. Conclusions: The concentration of amino acids varies with the severity of degenerative changes in the connections as well as in interbody joints. The highest increase in the concentrations of all tested amino acids are present in root bands. Decrease in the concentrations of all tested amino acids appears in cancer.
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